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Feb 20, 2011 at 7:16 comment added Dror Speiser The idea of finding a solution to $x^2-ny^2=d^2$ is actually a variant of SQUFOF. CFRAC does better by combining many $x^2-ny^2=d$ to get $x^2\cong z^2$. See Cohen.
Feb 20, 2011 at 4:35 comment added Gerry Myerson Mention might also be made of Shanks' SQUFOF (SQUare FOrm Factoring) algorithm, not as powerful as the others but factored $n$ doing arithmetic on numbers the size of $\sqrt n$, so you could factor 20-digit numbers on a 10-digit calculator without writing double-precision routines. It, too, was based on the expansion of $\sqrt n$ (and not on the periodicity thereof).
Dec 19, 2010 at 19:27 history answered Franz Lemmermeyer CC BY-SA 2.5