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Nov 17 at 14:13 answer added Will Sawin timeline score: 3
Nov 16 at 22:53 comment added Vik78 @JasonStarr I see my mistake— I intended the question to allow the base to be any smooth projective curve, which need not necessarily itself be smooth over $\mathbb{P}^1$. I apologize for the confusion and have edited the post
Nov 16 at 22:50 history edited Vik78 CC BY-SA 4.0
deleted 33 characters in body
Nov 16 at 22:33 comment added Jason Starr @Vik78 A smooth projective morphism from a curve $B$ (the general case where your base curve $B$ has arbitrary genus) to $\mathbb{P}^1$ is a finite etale morphism. Since the etale fundamental group of $\mathbb{P}^1$ is trivial (over a separably closed field), this forces $B$ to be a genus $0$ curve. So there is no reduction in your question from the case of a base curve of arbitrary genus to a curve of genus $0$.
Nov 16 at 21:16 comment added Vik78 @AriyanJavanpeykar Every curve admits a nonconstant morphism to $\mathbb{P}^1$, so that one can always compose a map to a curve with such a morphism. I see now that this alone does not guarantee smoothness in positive characteristic as the map of curves may be inseparable. Is that what goes wrong in your example?
Nov 16 at 20:34 comment added Ariyan Javanpeykar @Vik78 Why do you write "equivalently to $\mathbb{P}^1$" in your question? There are surfaces of general type which do not admit a smooth morphism to $\mathbb{P}^1$, but which do admit a smooth morphism to some higher genus curve. These are sometimes called Kodaira surfaces.
Nov 16 at 18:35 history edited Vik78 CC BY-SA 4.0
Edited to remove redundant flatness assumption
Nov 16 at 18:32 comment added Vik78 @willsawin thanks for the response. Could you please expand on how you conclude when the fibration splits after a finite cover?
Nov 16 at 18:11 comment added Will Sawin Smooth implies flat so that condition isn't needed. Wlog the fiber is a curve. The key invariants are the genus of the base and the genus of the fiber. If either is 0 the statement is known for boring reasons. If the fibration splits as a product after a finite cover of the base then it's OK by the Tate conjecture for divisors. Otherwise you can maybe use progress on function field BSD.
Nov 16 at 17:40 history asked Vik78 CC BY-SA 4.0