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Oct 5 at 0:08 comment added Moishe Kohan @TimothyChow: I am not the right person for such questions, I am a topologist, not a logician. All I can say is the the proofs of existence of connected subgriups use AC.
Oct 5 at 0:02 comment added Timothy Chow So is it consistent with ZF that there are no dense connected proper subgroups of $\mathbb{R}^2$?
Oct 4 at 2:35 history edited Moishe Kohan CC BY-SA 4.0
added 128 characters in body
Oct 3 at 11:39 comment added KP Hart Jones' paper is quite informative too on what is possible with discontinuous additive functions and their graphs.
Oct 3 at 2:36 history edited YCor CC BY-SA 4.0
added AMS link since DOI points to JSTOR which wants money from you
Oct 3 at 1:29 comment added Terry Tao Thanks for this nice answer! At least I don't feel too embarrassed that I could not see a simple way to answer my student's question either way, it appears to be a somewhat subtle question (in particular, dependent on choice, and on the precise type of connectedness assumed).
Oct 3 at 1:28 vote accept Terry Tao
Oct 3 at 1:19 comment added Moishe Kohan @LSpice: it is a nice exercise to check that every Lie subgroup of $\mathbb R^n$ is closed (just look at the exponential map).
Oct 3 at 0:53 comment added Will Sawin @LSpice In a general group, there can be non-closed path-connected subgroups, as Yemon Choi points out. mathoverflow.net/questions/479975/… In $\mathbb R^n$, tehre are no non-closed path-connected subgroups. The definition used in the paper is "a continuous isomorphic image of a connected Lie group". In $\mathbb R^n$, such things must be closed subgroups by a simple argument.
Oct 2 at 23:56 comment added LSpice Ah, thanks. What does it mean in this context? And does the cited result imply, directly or indirectly, that there are no non-closed, path-connected subgroups, or only that there are no dense, proper such?
Oct 2 at 23:54 comment added Moishe Kohan @LSpice: Normally, it does not imply closed, but opinions on this differ.
Oct 2 at 23:53 comment added LSpice I can never remember the terminology; does "Lie subgroup" imply closed? If so, then the conclusion can be upgraded to the non-existence of non-closed, path-connected subgroups of $\mathbb R^n$ (the natural generalisation of the question asked), not just the non-existence of dense such subgroups, right?
Oct 2 at 23:30 history answered Moishe Kohan CC BY-SA 4.0