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Jul 30 at 9:48 vote accept André Henriques
Jul 23 at 14:12 comment added YCor About existence: $\pi_1(\Sigma_2)$ ($\Sigma_g$ closed surface of genus $g$) has a $S_n$ quotient, which yields a Galois covering of genus $1+n!$ with free action of $S_n$.
Jul 23 at 13:06 comment added André Henriques @DavidESpeyer Your last comment is a complete answer to my question.
Jul 23 at 12:06 comment added André Henriques @DavidESpeyer My intention was to allow anti-holomorphic maps, but I realise that I might have been ambiguous.
Jul 23 at 12:02 comment added David E Speyer I just realized -- do you mean a holomorphic action, or do you also allow anti-holomorphic maps? Because I think that Condor's paper, which I cited below, should show that $S_n$ acts on a surface with $n! = 168 (g-1)$, if you allow anti-holomorphic maps.
Jul 23 at 11:03 comment added user491858 The case of $g=0$ and $g=1$ you can do by hand (and don't include $S_n$ for $n \ge 5$), but for higher genus you can't do better asymptotically than $O(|G|) = O(n!)$ (with an obvious explicit constant) by the Hurwitz bound. (compare mathoverflow.net/questions/179785/…). So the only question is whether you care about the constant.
Jul 23 at 11:03 answer added Sam Nead timeline score: 11
Jul 23 at 10:41 comment added HenrikRüping But on the other hand $S_4$ already acts faithfully on $S^2$, by extending the canonical action on an tetrahedron, i.e. we get for an larger $n$ an even smaller genus.
Jul 23 at 10:37 comment added HenrikRüping For example, I believe that $S_3$ acts faithfully on $T^2$. Think of $T^2$ as a regular hexagon where opposing edges are identified in an orientation preserving way. Then picking every second vertex gives a regular triangle. The canonical $S_3$ action can (also rather canonicallly) be extended to the entire $T^2$. Of course we have a global fixed point in the middle, but faithful only means that no group element acts as the identity.
Jul 23 at 10:29 history edited YCor
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Jul 23 at 10:16 history asked André Henriques CC BY-SA 4.0