Skip to main content
added further details
Source Link
Salvo Tringali
  • 10.5k
  • 2
  • 29
  • 64

I've never seen the term 'normal' being used in the way of the OP. A semigroup $S$ (written multiplicatively) with the property that $xS = Sx$ for all $x \in S$ is commonly called either duo or normalizing (see also this answer). Cancellative, non-commutative examples abound 'in nature'. Here is a short list:

  1. Any group (either commutative or not) is a cancellative, duo semigroup.

  2. If $(G, \preceq)$ is a totally ordered group (either commutative or not) with identity element $1_G$, then $G^+ := \{x \in G \colon 1_G \prec x\}$ is a cancellative, duo subsemigroup of $G$. For the duoness part, justit suffices to note that, for all $a, b \in G^+$, we have $1_G = aa^{-1} \prec aba^{-1} \in G^+$ and, in a similar way, $a^{-1}ba \in G^+$. (This example is already mentioned by user46855 in their answer.)

  3. The multiplicative monoid $R^\bullet$ of the non-zero elements of a left (or right) discrete valutation domain $R$ is a strongly Archimedean, cancellative, duo semigroup ('strongly Archimedean' means that, for every $a \in R^\bullet$, there exists an integer $n \ge 1$ such that any product of any $n$ non-zero non-units of $R$ is divisible by $a$ in $R^\bullet$). TheOne special case is given by the ring of skewformal power series mentioned by user46855 in one variable their answer is$x$ over a special caseskew field $D$, with multiplication twisted by a ring automorphism $\sigma$ of $D$ in such a way that $ax = x\sigma(a)$ for every $a \in D$; see Exercise 19.7 in the 2003 edition of Lam's Exercises in Classical Ring Theory. (This example is also already mentioned by user46855 in their answer.)

  4. Any direct product of cancellative, duo semigroups is itself cancellative and duo, and it is commutative if and only if each factor in the direct product is (cf. Anton Klyachko's answer).

I've never seen the term 'normal' being used in the way of the OP. A semigroup $S$ (written multiplicatively) with the property that $xS = Sx$ for all $x \in S$ is commonly called either duo or normalizing (see also this answer). Cancellative, non-commutative examples abound 'in nature'. Here is a short list:

  1. Any group (either commutative or not) is a cancellative, duo semigroup.

  2. If $(G, \preceq)$ is a totally ordered group (either commutative or not) with identity element $1_G$, then $G^+ := \{x \in G \colon 1_G \prec x\}$ is a cancellative, duo subsemigroup of $G$. For the duoness part, just note that, for all $a, b \in G^+$, we have $1_G = aa^{-1} \prec aba^{-1} \in G^+$. (This example is already mentioned by user46855 in their answer.)

  3. The multiplicative monoid $R^\bullet$ of the non-zero elements of a left (or right) discrete valutation domain $R$ is a strongly Archimedean, cancellative, duo semigroup ('strongly Archimedean' means that, for every $a \in R^\bullet$, there exists an integer $n \ge 1$ such that any product of any $n$ non-zero non-units of $R$ is divisible by $a$ in $R^\bullet$). The ring of skew power series mentioned by user46855 in their answer is a special case, see Exercise 19.7 in the 2003 edition of Lam's Exercises in Classical Ring Theory.

  4. Any direct product of cancellative, duo semigroups is itself cancellative and duo, and it is commutative if and only if each factor in the direct product is (cf. Anton Klyachko's answer).

I've never seen the term 'normal' being used in the way of the OP. A semigroup $S$ (written multiplicatively) with the property that $xS = Sx$ for all $x \in S$ is commonly called either duo or normalizing (see also this answer). Cancellative, non-commutative examples abound 'in nature'. Here is a short list:

  1. Any group (either commutative or not) is a cancellative, duo semigroup.

  2. If $(G, \preceq)$ is a totally ordered group (either commutative or not) with identity element $1_G$, then $G^+ := \{x \in G \colon 1_G \prec x\}$ is a cancellative, duo subsemigroup of $G$. For the duoness part, it suffices to note that, for all $a, b \in G^+$, we have $1_G = aa^{-1} \prec aba^{-1} \in G^+$ and, in a similar way, $a^{-1}ba \in G^+$. (This example is already mentioned by user46855 in their answer.)

  3. The multiplicative monoid $R^\bullet$ of the non-zero elements of a left (or right) discrete valutation domain $R$ is a strongly Archimedean, cancellative, duo semigroup ('strongly Archimedean' means that, for every $a \in R^\bullet$, there exists an integer $n \ge 1$ such that any product of any $n$ non-zero non-units of $R$ is divisible by $a$ in $R^\bullet$). One special case is given by the ring of formal power series in one variable $x$ over a skew field $D$, with multiplication twisted by a ring automorphism $\sigma$ of $D$ in such a way that $ax = x\sigma(a)$ for every $a \in D$; see Exercise 19.7 in the 2003 edition of Lam's Exercises in Classical Ring Theory. (This example is also already mentioned by user46855 in their answer.)

  4. Any direct product of cancellative, duo semigroups is itself cancellative and duo, and it is commutative if and only if each factor in the direct product is (cf. Anton Klyachko's answer).

added further examples
Source Link
Salvo Tringali
  • 10.5k
  • 2
  • 29
  • 64

I've never seen the term 'normal' being used in the way of the OP. A semigroup $S$ (written multiplicatively) with the property that $xS = Sx$ for all $x \in S$ is commonly called either duo or normalizing (see also this answer). Cancellative, non-commutative examples abound.

For instance, the multiplicative monoid $R^\bullet$ of the non-zero elements of a left (or right) discrete valutation domain $R$ is cancellative, duo, and strongly Archimedean (the latter means that, for every $a \in R^\bullet$, there exists an integer $n \ge 1$ such that any product of any $n$ non-zero non-units of $R$ is divisible by $a$ in $R^\bullet$) 'in nature'. The example with skew power series mentioned by user46855 in their answerHere is a special case, see Exercise 19.7 in the 2003 edition of Lam's Exercises in Classical Ring Theory.short list:

  1. Any group (either commutative or not) is a cancellative, duo semigroup.

  2. If $(G, \preceq)$ is a totally ordered group (either commutative or not) with identity element $1_G$, then $G^+ := \{x \in G \colon 1_G \prec x\}$ is a cancellative, duo subsemigroup of $G$. For the duoness part, just note that, for all $a, b \in G^+$, we have $1_G = aa^{-1} \prec aba^{-1} \in G^+$. (This example is already mentioned by user46855 in their answer.)

  3. The multiplicative monoid $R^\bullet$ of the non-zero elements of a left (or right) discrete valutation domain $R$ is a strongly Archimedean, cancellative, duo semigroup ('strongly Archimedean' means that, for every $a \in R^\bullet$, there exists an integer $n \ge 1$ such that any product of any $n$ non-zero non-units of $R$ is divisible by $a$ in $R^\bullet$). The ring of skew power series mentioned by user46855 in their answer is a special case, see Exercise 19.7 in the 2003 edition of Lam's Exercises in Classical Ring Theory.

  4. Any direct product of cancellative, duo semigroups is itself cancellative and duo, and it is commutative if and only if each factor in the direct product is (cf. Anton Klyachko's answer).

I've never seen the term 'normal' being used in the way of the OP. A semigroup $S$ with the property that $xS = Sx$ for all $x \in S$ is commonly called either duo or normalizing (see also this answer). Cancellative, non-commutative examples abound.

For instance, the multiplicative monoid $R^\bullet$ of the non-zero elements of a left (or right) discrete valutation domain $R$ is cancellative, duo, and strongly Archimedean (the latter means that, for every $a \in R^\bullet$, there exists an integer $n \ge 1$ such that any product of any $n$ non-zero non-units of $R$ is divisible by $a$ in $R^\bullet$). The example with skew power series mentioned by user46855 in their answer is a special case, see Exercise 19.7 in the 2003 edition of Lam's Exercises in Classical Ring Theory.

I've never seen the term 'normal' being used in the way of the OP. A semigroup $S$ (written multiplicatively) with the property that $xS = Sx$ for all $x \in S$ is commonly called either duo or normalizing (see also this answer). Cancellative, non-commutative examples abound 'in nature'. Here is a short list:

  1. Any group (either commutative or not) is a cancellative, duo semigroup.

  2. If $(G, \preceq)$ is a totally ordered group (either commutative or not) with identity element $1_G$, then $G^+ := \{x \in G \colon 1_G \prec x\}$ is a cancellative, duo subsemigroup of $G$. For the duoness part, just note that, for all $a, b \in G^+$, we have $1_G = aa^{-1} \prec aba^{-1} \in G^+$. (This example is already mentioned by user46855 in their answer.)

  3. The multiplicative monoid $R^\bullet$ of the non-zero elements of a left (or right) discrete valutation domain $R$ is a strongly Archimedean, cancellative, duo semigroup ('strongly Archimedean' means that, for every $a \in R^\bullet$, there exists an integer $n \ge 1$ such that any product of any $n$ non-zero non-units of $R$ is divisible by $a$ in $R^\bullet$). The ring of skew power series mentioned by user46855 in their answer is a special case, see Exercise 19.7 in the 2003 edition of Lam's Exercises in Classical Ring Theory.

  4. Any direct product of cancellative, duo semigroups is itself cancellative and duo, and it is commutative if and only if each factor in the direct product is (cf. Anton Klyachko's answer).

added 233 characters in body
Source Link
Salvo Tringali
  • 10.5k
  • 2
  • 29
  • 64

I've never seen the term 'normal' being used in the way of the OP. A semigroup $S$ with the property that $xS = Sx$ for all $x \in S$ is commonly called either duo or normalizing (see also this answer). Cancellative, non-commutative examples abound.

For instance, the multiplicative monoid $R^\bullet$ of the non-zero elements of a left (or right) discrete valutation domain $R$ is cancellative, duo, and strongly Archimedean (the latter means that, for every $a \in R^\bullet$, there exists an integer $n \ge 1$ such that any product of any $n$ non-zero non-units of $R$ is divisible by $a$ in $R^\bullet$). The example with skew power series mentioned by user46855 in their answer is a special case, see Exercise 19.7 in the 2003 edition of Lam's Exercises in Classical Ring Theory.

I've never seen the term 'normal' being used in the way of the OP. A semigroup $S$ with the property that $xS = Sx$ for all $x \in S$ is commonly called either duo or normalizing (see also this answer). Cancellative, non-commutative examples abound.

For instance, the multiplicative monoid $R^\bullet$ of the non-zero elements of a left (or right) discrete valutation domain $R$ is cancellative, duo, and strongly Archimedean (the latter means that, for every $a \in R^\bullet$, there exists an integer $n \ge 1$ such that any product of any $n$ non-zero non-units of $R$ is divisible by $a$ in $R^\bullet$).

I've never seen the term 'normal' being used in the way of the OP. A semigroup $S$ with the property that $xS = Sx$ for all $x \in S$ is commonly called either duo or normalizing (see also this answer). Cancellative, non-commutative examples abound.

For instance, the multiplicative monoid $R^\bullet$ of the non-zero elements of a left (or right) discrete valutation domain $R$ is cancellative, duo, and strongly Archimedean (the latter means that, for every $a \in R^\bullet$, there exists an integer $n \ge 1$ such that any product of any $n$ non-zero non-units of $R$ is divisible by $a$ in $R^\bullet$). The example with skew power series mentioned by user46855 in their answer is a special case, see Exercise 19.7 in the 2003 edition of Lam's Exercises in Classical Ring Theory.

Source Link
Salvo Tringali
  • 10.5k
  • 2
  • 29
  • 64
Loading