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Apr 4 at 20:43 comment added Konrad Waldorf @AlonsoPerez-Lona: interesting! I am getting more and more convinced that there is no example...
Apr 4 at 19:49 comment added Alonso Perez-Lona As you mentioned, the surjective submersion condition is imposed so that the fiber product exists as a smooth manifold, as in this case one has a transversal intersection. But this is only a sufficient condition for the pullback to exist, in principle one could require the source and target maps to only define a clean intersection (which is strictly weaker than transversal) and the fiber product would still exist. That being said, Mackenzie in his Lie groupoids book comments on this in p.85 saying he is not aware of an example where the source and target maps are not surjective submersions.
Apr 2 at 8:15 history asked Konrad Waldorf CC BY-SA 4.0