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Mar 31 at 17:55 comment added Zach Hunter One can also make this little trick work 'away from the boundary'. The idea is that if we do not have polynomially large perimeter, we must have some large triangle $T^*$ with side-length $>\epsilon^c$ (for some small choice of $c>0$). But then, if we flip $T^*$ triangle along its vertical base, we can look at the $(100 \epsilon^{1-c})$-fraction of right-most points in this flipped area. And the trick works here too, which allows you to find values of $x$ away from the right-most boundary of the host triangle (since $T^*$ should appear in lots of places).
Mar 31 at 16:52 comment added Zach Hunter For $\sup_x K(x)$, couldn't you look at the set of points in the right-most $(100\epsilon)$-fraction of our big triangle? At most 10 percent (say) of these points are uncovered. So by averaging, there is some $x$ in this very-right region with at least 90 percent of points in the vertical slice covered. However, every right-pointing triangle contributes intervals of length at most $O(\epsilon)$ inside this region. So we need $\Omega(1/\epsilon)$ intervals.
Mar 31 at 14:57 vote accept Terry Tao
Apr 4 at 22:00
Mar 31 at 14:57 comment added Terry Tao Thanks! For my application, it is actually the lower bound on $\sup_x K(x)$ which is important, rather than the perimeter, and your argument actually gives a polynomial bound in that case, so I have all that I need for my application, thanks! The general case (where one seeks a polynomial lower bound on the perimeter) still seems intellectually interesting, though.
Mar 31 at 4:16 history answered fedja CC BY-SA 4.0