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Mar 22 at 5:07 vote accept Clario
Mar 22 at 1:18 vote accept Clario
Mar 22 at 5:07
Mar 21 at 20:36 history edited Will Sawin CC BY-SA 4.0
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Mar 21 at 20:24 comment added GH from MO This is fun stuff, I did not know about these works and techniques. In particular, I did not know that Erdős covering systems were relevant here. Too bad I am too busy to study this theory. I have already learned a bit, thanks to you.
Mar 21 at 20:20 comment added Will Sawin @GHfromMO Thanks for pointing that out! Combining that and the calculations already in my answer, I can do a bit better, will do soon.
Mar 21 at 19:51 comment added GH from MO The paper Filaseta-Li-Patane-Skabelund: On the irreducibility of the non-reciprocal part of polynomials of the form $f(x)x^n+g(x)$, Acta Arithmetica 196 (2020), 187-201, builds on your paper. Their Corollary 1 gives that $x^n+5x+3$ is irreducible for $n>24157816$.
Mar 21 at 19:36 comment added GH from MO Very nice. I looked up Filaseta-Ford-Konyagin: On an irreducibility theorem of A. Schinzel associated with coverings of the integers (2000), and their Corollary on p.635 tells us that $x^n+5x+3$ is irreducible for $n\geq 2\cdot 5^{137}$. An unspecified but effectively computable sufficient lower bound for $n$ already follows from Theorem 3 in Schinzel: On the reducibility of polynomials and in particular of trinomials (1965).
Mar 21 at 13:16 history edited YCor CC BY-SA 4.0
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Mar 21 at 13:05 history answered Will Sawin CC BY-SA 4.0