To the sources mentioned by @Carlo Beenakker, I would like to add the works of Soviet physicist Boris Rauschenbach, most of them are in Russian, but there are some in English:

Perspective Pictures and Visual Perception
Boris V. Rauschenbach
Leonardo, Vol. 18, No. 1 (1985), pp. 45–49.

On My Concept of Perceptual Perspective That Accounts for Parallel and Inverted Perspective in Pictorial Art
Boris V. Rauschenbach
Leonardo, Vol. 16, No. 1 (Winter, 1983), pp. 28–30.

Perceptual Perspective and Cezanne's Landscapes
Boris V. Rauschenbach
Leonardo, Vol. 15, No. 1 (Winter, 1982), pp. 28–33.

He studied the question seriously, and analyzed many medieval and modern paintings. His main conclusion is that our visual perception is really not Euclidean.

Concerning Euclidean geometry, its axioms are based not only on the immediate visual perception but also on certain facts of optics, most of them can be experimentally verified. (A straight line is an abstraction of a light ray.) A notable exception is the 5th postulate, and apparently already in antiquity there were doubts that it is really based on our experience, and this stimulated multiple attempts to prove it, until eventually a whole family of non-Euclidean geometries were discovered.

To the sources mentioned by @Carlo Beenakker, I would like to add the works of Soviet physicist Boris Rauschenbach, most of them are in Russian, but there are some in English:

Perspective Pictures and Visual Perception
Boris V. Rauschenbach
Leonardo, Vol. 18, No. 1 (1985), pp. 45–49.

On My Concept of Perceptual Perspective That Accounts for Parallel and Inverted Perspective in Pictorial Art
Boris V. Rauschenbach
Leonardo, Vol. 16, No. 1 (Winter, 1983), pp. 28–30.

Perceptual Perspective and Cezanne's Landscapes
Boris V. Rauschenbach
Leonardo, Vol. 15, No. 1 (Winter, 1982), pp. 28–33.

He studied the question seriously, and analyzed many medieval and modern paintings. His main conclusion is that our visual perception is really not Euclidean.

Concerning Euclidean geometry, its axioms are based not only on the immediate visual perception but also on certain facts of optics, most of them can be experimentally verified. (A straight line is an abstraction of a light ray.) A notable exception is the 5th postulate, and already in antiquity there were doubts that it is really based on our experience, and this stimulated multiple attempts to prove it, until eventually a whole family of non-Euclidean geometries were discovered.

To the sources mentioned by @Carlo Beenakker, I would like to add the works of Soviet physicist Boris Rauschenbach, most of them are in Russian, but there are some in English:

Perspective Pictures and Visual Perception Boris V. Rauschenbach Leonardo, Vol. 18, No. 1 (1985), pp. 45-49.

On My Concept of Perceptual Perspective That Accounts for Parallel and Inverted Perspective in Pictorial Art Boris V. Rauschenbach Leonardo, Vol. 16, No. 1 (Winter, 1983), pp. 28-30.

Perceptual Perspective and Cezanne's Landscapes Boris V. Rauschenbach Leonardo, Vol. 15, No. 1 (Winter, 1982), pp. 28-33.

He studied the question seriously, and analyzed many medieval and modern paintings. His main conclusion is that our visual perception is really not Euclidean.

Concerning Euclidean geometry, its axioms are based not only on the immediate visual perception but also on certain facts of optics, most of them can be experimentally verified. (A straight line is an abstraction of a light ray). A notable exception is the 5th postulate, and apparently already in antiquity there were doubts that it is really based on our experience, and this stimulated multiple attempts to prove it, until eventually a whole family of non-Euclidean geometries were discovered.

To the sources mentioned by @Carlo Beenakker, I would like to add the works of Soviet physicist Boris Rauschenbach, most of them are in Russian, but there are some in English:

Perspective Pictures and Visual Perception
Boris V. Rauschenbach 
Leonardo, Vol. 18, No. 1 (1985), pp. 45–49.

On My Concept of Perceptual Perspective That Accounts for Parallel and Inverted Perspective in Pictorial Art
Boris V. Rauschenbach 
Leonardo, Vol. 16, No. 1 (Winter, 1983), pp. 28–30.

Perceptual Perspective and Cezanne's Landscapes
Boris V. Rauschenbach 
Leonardo, Vol. 15, No. 1 (Winter, 1982), pp. 28–33.

He studied the question seriously, and analyzed many medieval and modern paintings. His main conclusion is that our visual perception is really not Euclidean.

Concerning Euclidean geometry, its axioms are based not only on the immediate visual perception but also on certain facts of optics, most of them can be experimentally verified. (A straight line is an abstraction of a light ray.) A notable exception is the 5th postulate, and apparently already in antiquity there were doubts that it is really based on our experience, and this stimulated multiple attempts to prove it, until eventually a whole family of non-Euclidean geometries were discovered.