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Feb 29 at 4:42 comment added user44312 Very concise and clear answer. Thanks very much!
Feb 29 at 4:34 comment added testaccount Similar argument: by complete reducibility, for $p \neq 3$ every elementary abelian $3$-subgroup of $SL(n,p)$ has order $< 3^n$. Now in $SL(n,3)$, you can find an elementary abelian $3$-subgroup of order $3^{\lfloor n^2/4 \rfloor}$ , as a subgroup $\begin{pmatrix} I & * \\ 0 & I \end{pmatrix}$ for suitable block sizes. So $SL(n,3) \leq SL(n,p)$ implies $\lfloor n^2 /4 \rfloor \leq n$, which can only happen for $n = 2$, $n = 3$. Then check $n = 2, 3$ separately.
Feb 29 at 3:17 comment added user44312 Thanks very much for the detailed explanation. It is very clear. I just want to add a reference here for the first statement which is the Lemma 14.17 of Isaacs's book Character theory of finite groups.
Feb 29 at 3:04 vote accept user44312
Feb 29 at 3:04
Feb 29 at 3:04 vote accept user44312
Feb 29 at 3:04
Feb 29 at 3:04 vote accept user44312
Feb 29 at 3:04
Feb 28 at 22:25 comment added Dave Benson Slower and cleaner. Thanks, Geoff.
Feb 28 at 16:18 history edited LSpice CC BY-SA 4.0
Link to comment
Feb 28 at 16:11 history edited Geoff Robinson CC BY-SA 4.0
Explained exceptional case.
Feb 28 at 14:50 history edited Geoff Robinson CC BY-SA 4.0
Noted exceptional case $n = 3$ and $p \equiv 1$ (mod $3$).
Feb 28 at 14:24 history answered Geoff Robinson CC BY-SA 4.0