Here are two unconditional results:
if $x$ is a power of $2$ then $(x,y)=(2,6)$
$\gcd(x,y)=1$ or $2$.
I thought of this problem in 2019 and posted it on MSE (linklink), as at that time I did not realise this MO post existed. In Servaes' answeranswer in the link, the two results are shown. The answeranswer by W-t-P is a detailed version of Gerry Myerson's commentcomment above.