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Dec 18, 2023 at 16:07 comment added Luc Guyot Let us continue this discussion in chat.
Dec 18, 2023 at 15:38 comment added Tony Huynh I think the situation you describe is impossible since the fourth set always has sum at least $S/4$ while the first two always each have sum at most $S/4$. Thus, the largest element from the fourth set will always be at least as large as the smallest element from one of the first two sets. Also, I think we might not be done without performing the last swap. For example, $d_1=d_2=d_3=-0.33$ and $d_4=0.99$ is possible (in the first case). Feel free to send me an email if it is still unclear (my email can be easily found online).
Dec 18, 2023 at 15:17 comment added Luc Guyot Thanks a lot for the additions, that's very kind of you. About: "we conclude that $\sigma(Y_3') \le \sigma(Y_1)$. What if after applying the last swap to $X_3$, we apply some swaps to the multisets with the lower sums, with the effect of not increasing these sums but lowering them? We wouldn't be able to conclude that $\sigma(Y_3') \le \sigma(Y_1)$. Can we rule such a situation out? Side remark: "Thus, after swapping $m_4$ and $\ell_1$, we are done." You are already done before the swap. (If it's too many questions in the comments, I can send them by emails instead).
Dec 18, 2023 at 14:44 comment added Tony Huynh I added more details. Please let me know if it is clear. I think I can also prove the full theorem (without any special assumptions). I will write it up here when I have time.
Dec 18, 2023 at 14:35 history edited Tony Huynh CC BY-SA 4.0
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Dec 18, 2023 at 13:41 comment added Luc Guyot About "the other cases are similar". I thought I had successfully checked those other cases but I now find myself stuck with the case $\sigma(Y_1) \le \sigma(Y_2) \le \frac{S}{4}$. We certainly have $0 \le d_4 := d_1 + d_2 - d_3 < m_4 - \ell_1 \le 1$, but the subsequent discussion calls for more sub-cases and I fail to conclude.
Dec 18, 2023 at 11:39 comment added Luc Guyot Thanks, got it!
Dec 18, 2023 at 10:48 comment added Tony Huynh Thanks! Regarding your question, $\ell_1$ is the minimum of $Y_1$ but the $(n_1+1)$th smallest element of $X_1$ is a candidate for $\ell_1$, so the inequalities become even better if $\ell_1$ is not the $(n_1+1)$th smallest element of $X_1$.
Dec 18, 2023 at 9:15 comment added Luc Guyot Wonderfully slick and simple! Checking my understanding: the integer $\ell_1$ is the $(n_1 + 1)$-th element of $X_1$ sorted in ascending order, but not necessarily the minimum of $Y_1$, right? (similar question for $m_4$).
Dec 18, 2023 at 0:33 history edited Tony Huynh CC BY-SA 4.0
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Dec 18, 2023 at 0:21 history edited Tony Huynh CC BY-SA 4.0
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Dec 17, 2023 at 16:07 history edited Tony Huynh CC BY-SA 4.0
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Dec 17, 2023 at 16:01 history edited Tony Huynh CC BY-SA 4.0
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Dec 17, 2023 at 15:54 history edited Tony Huynh CC BY-SA 4.0
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Dec 17, 2023 at 12:30 history answered Tony Huynh CC BY-SA 4.0