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Nov 17, 2010 at 6:14 comment added Gilead Well, the reason I'm going with linear splines is because I need to shoehorn this into an MILP where I can efficiently represent the piecewise function using SOS2 constraints. The reason I care about optimality is because I want to be able to approximate a nonlinear function with as small an $n$ as possible (every piecewise function = 1 binary variable, and I have many such functions, so it gets expensive very fast). Thanks for the lead -- I'll check to see if there are any references on locating knots for linear splines.
Nov 15, 2010 at 20:45 comment added Brian Borchers First, you might consider using something more sophisticated than a piecewise linear function. Why not cubic splines instead? There's a huge literature on heuristics for locating knots for spline approximation- you could simply use one of these heuristics to get a reasonable set of knots, check to see whether the L2 error is sufficiently small and if not, then you could add more knots until it is sufficient.
Nov 12, 2010 at 19:59 comment added Gilead Well, you're right in that what I'm looking for is a fast and accurate way of getting a good approximation. However, I'd like for it to be based on the analytical properties of $f(x)$, so that I can say something about the achievable approximation error. Tracy's answer is much more in the vein of what I'm looking for. However, you mention there are ways of getting a good approximation... I'd love to hear what they are. I merely posed the optimization problem to demonstrate the subtle difficulties of this problem -- I'm really looking for another approach.
Nov 12, 2010 at 1:37 history answered Brian Borchers CC BY-SA 2.5