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Jul 29, 2023 at 20:29 comment added Ben C @higgs-boson Fix a connected CW complex $X$. Taking the fiber over a fixed base-point induces an equivalence of categories between covering spaces of $X$ and sets with a $\pi_1$-action where the connected ones correspond to sets with a transitive action (and hence to subgroups of $\pi_1$). This will be spelled out in any algebraic topology book (sometimes going under the name "galois correspondence"). Then use the elementary group theory fact: $G \to H$ is surjective if and only if every transitive $H$-set is also transitive when viewed as a $G$-set.
Jul 29, 2023 at 9:49 comment added Higgs-Boson @ David White: thanks! I am familiar with Hatcher's book. But I did not find the theorem "A map of connected CW complexes induces a surjection on $\pi_1$ if and only if the pullback of any connected covering space is connected. " Do you know how to prove it?
Jul 29, 2023 at 6:08 comment added David White A reference is Allen Hatcher's book, free online. Go to the section on covering spaces
Jul 29, 2023 at 5:45 comment added Higgs-Boson @ Ben C. Thanks a lot! Could you please give a reference of your theorem?
Jul 29, 2023 at 2:57 comment added Ben C A map of connected CW complexes induces a surjection on $\pi_1$ if and only if the pullback of any connected covering space is connected. Then use that if $f : X \to Y$ is a closed map of topological spaces with $Y$ connected and every fiber connected then $X$ is connected.
Jul 29, 2023 at 2:11 history asked Higgs-Boson CC BY-SA 4.0