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Arbuja
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Consider the function $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$, where for a base-3 expansion of $x\in\mathbb{R}$, we take the "pseudo-random" iterations of function $\mathscr{F}:\{0,1,2\}\to\{0,1,2\}$ where for the first iteration, replace base-3 digit zero with one; one with two, and two with zero.

In mathematical terms, if $\mathscr{F}:=\left\{(0,1),(1,2),(2,0)\right\}$, such that equation: $$\mathscr{F}^{k}=\underset{k\text{ times}}{\underbrace{\mathscr{F}(\mathscr{F}(\cdots\mathscr{F}(x)))}}$$ is the $k$-th iteration of $\mathscr{F}$, we define a function with "pseudo-random" outputs in $\mathbb{N}$. If we define $g_{\varepsilon}:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ where:

$$g_{\varepsilon}(x)=\begin{cases} \quad\!\!(2\varepsilon)^{x/(2\varepsilon)} & \quad\!\! x<-\varepsilon\\ -1/x & \!-2\varepsilon\le x <0\\ \quad \! 0 & \!\!\quad x=0 \\ \quad\!{1}/{x} & \quad\!\! 0<x<\varepsilon \\ \quad\!\!\,\varepsilon^{-x/\varepsilon} & \quad\!\! x\ge \varepsilon\\ \end{cases}$$

such that $\left[\cdot\right]$ rounds to the nearest integer, then function $z_{\varepsilon}:\mathbb{R}^2\to\mathbb{R}$ or

$$z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)=\big[g_{\varepsilon}(x) k\sin(g_{\varepsilon}(x)k)\big]$$

contains "pseudo-random" outputs of $\mathbb{N}$, where furthermore:

$$\small{f_{\varepsilon}(x)=\left\{\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}{\text{sign}\left(\mathscr{F}^{z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)}(a)\right)\mathscr{F}^{z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)}(a)}/{3^k}:a\in\left\{0,1,2\right\},x=\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}a/{3^k}\right\}}$$$$\small{f_{\varepsilon}(x)=\left\{\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}{\text{sign}\left(\mathscr{F}^{z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)}(a_k)\right)\mathscr{F}^{z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)}(a_{k})}/{3^k}:a_k\in\left\{0,1,2\right\},x=\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}a_{k}/{3^k}\right\}}$$

which is the same as:

$$\scriptsize{f_{\varepsilon}(x)=\left\{\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}\Big(\text{sign}(\text{mod}(z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)+a,3))\cdot\text{mod}(z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)+a,3)\Big)/{3^k}:a\in\left\{0,1,2\right\},x=\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}a/{3^k}\right\}}$$$$\scriptsize{f_{\varepsilon}(x)=\left\{\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}\Big(\text{sign}(\text{mod}(z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)+a,3))\cdot\text{mod}(z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)+a,3)\Big)/{3^k}:a_k\in\left\{0,1,2\right\},x=\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}a_k/{3^k}\right\}}$$

(i.e., $\mathscr{F}^{k}(a)=\text{mod}(a+k,3)$$\mathscr{F}^{k}(a_k)=\text{mod}(a_k+k,3)$), such that for set $A\subseteq \mathbb{R}$ we want an $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ where:

\begin{equation} \small{\forall(\varepsilon_1>0)\exists(A\subseteq\mathbb{R})\forall(\varepsilon\in A)\exists(M>0)\forall(x\in\mathbb{R})\left(0<\varepsilon\le M\Rightarrow \left|f_{\varepsilon}(x)-f(x)\right|<\varepsilon_{1}\right)} \label{bjj}\tag{1} \end{equation}

Note: For $g_{\varepsilon}(x)$, we have $2\varepsilon$ (rather than $\varepsilon$) to avoid symmetry in the graph of $f$, and the $\text{sign}$ function in $f_{\varepsilon}(x)$ to allow negative outputs in $f$'s graph.

Using evidence, consider $f_{\varepsilon}(x)\mapsto f_{\varepsilon}(x,t)$ where:

$$\scriptsize{f_{\varepsilon}(x,t)=\left\{\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{t}\Big(\text{sign}(\text{mod}(z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)+a,3))\cdot \text{mod}(z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)+a,3)\Big)/{3^k}:a\in\left\{0,1,2\right\},x=\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}a/{3^k}\right\}}$$$$\scriptsize{f_{\varepsilon}(x,t)=\left\{\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{t}\Big(\text{sign}(\text{mod}(z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)+a_{k},3))\cdot \text{mod}(z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)+a_{k},3)\Big)/{3^k}:a_{k}\in\left\{0,1,2\right\},x=\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}a_{k}/{3^k}\right\}}$$

and $x\in G_{r}:=\left\{c/d:c,d\in\mathbb{Z}, d\le r, -dr\le c\le dr\right\}$, such that when $x\in G_{10}$, we get the set of points $\left\{(x,f_{.1}(x,10)):x\in G_{10}\right\}$ is:

enter image description here

Question: If $f$ does not exist or satisfy the motivation, how do we change equation $\eqref{bjj}$ so it does?

I assume none of the expected values in the preliminaries give this function a unique and finite expected value. (Hopefully, someone can check.)

Consider the function $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$, where for a base-3 expansion of $x\in\mathbb{R}$, we take the "pseudo-random" iterations of function $\mathscr{F}:\{0,1,2\}\to\{0,1,2\}$ where for the first iteration, replace base-3 digit zero with one; one with two, and two with zero.

In mathematical terms, if $\mathscr{F}:=\left\{(0,1),(1,2),(2,0)\right\}$, such that equation: $$\mathscr{F}^{k}=\underset{k\text{ times}}{\underbrace{\mathscr{F}(\mathscr{F}(\cdots\mathscr{F}(x)))}}$$ is the $k$-th iteration of $\mathscr{F}$, we define a function with "pseudo-random" outputs in $\mathbb{N}$. If we define $g_{\varepsilon}:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ where:

$$g_{\varepsilon}(x)=\begin{cases} \quad\!\!(2\varepsilon)^{x/(2\varepsilon)} & \quad\!\! x<-\varepsilon\\ -1/x & \!-2\varepsilon\le x <0\\ \quad \! 0 & \!\!\quad x=0 \\ \quad\!{1}/{x} & \quad\!\! 0<x<\varepsilon \\ \quad\!\!\,\varepsilon^{-x/\varepsilon} & \quad\!\! x\ge \varepsilon\\ \end{cases}$$

such that $\left[\cdot\right]$ rounds to the nearest integer, then function $z_{\varepsilon}:\mathbb{R}^2\to\mathbb{R}$ or

$$z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)=\big[g_{\varepsilon}(x) k\sin(g_{\varepsilon}(x)k)\big]$$

contains "pseudo-random" outputs of $\mathbb{N}$, where furthermore:

$$\small{f_{\varepsilon}(x)=\left\{\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}{\text{sign}\left(\mathscr{F}^{z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)}(a)\right)\mathscr{F}^{z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)}(a)}/{3^k}:a\in\left\{0,1,2\right\},x=\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}a/{3^k}\right\}}$$

which is the same as:

$$\scriptsize{f_{\varepsilon}(x)=\left\{\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}\Big(\text{sign}(\text{mod}(z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)+a,3))\cdot\text{mod}(z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)+a,3)\Big)/{3^k}:a\in\left\{0,1,2\right\},x=\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}a/{3^k}\right\}}$$

(i.e., $\mathscr{F}^{k}(a)=\text{mod}(a+k,3)$), such that for set $A\subseteq \mathbb{R}$ we want an $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ where:

\begin{equation} \small{\forall(\varepsilon_1>0)\exists(A\subseteq\mathbb{R})\forall(\varepsilon\in A)\exists(M>0)\forall(x\in\mathbb{R})\left(0<\varepsilon\le M\Rightarrow \left|f_{\varepsilon}(x)-f(x)\right|<\varepsilon_{1}\right)} \label{bjj}\tag{1} \end{equation}

Note: For $g_{\varepsilon}(x)$, we have $2\varepsilon$ (rather than $\varepsilon$) to avoid symmetry in the graph of $f$, and the $\text{sign}$ function in $f_{\varepsilon}(x)$ to allow negative outputs in $f$'s graph.

Using evidence, consider $f_{\varepsilon}(x)\mapsto f_{\varepsilon}(x,t)$ where:

$$\scriptsize{f_{\varepsilon}(x,t)=\left\{\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{t}\Big(\text{sign}(\text{mod}(z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)+a,3))\cdot \text{mod}(z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)+a,3)\Big)/{3^k}:a\in\left\{0,1,2\right\},x=\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}a/{3^k}\right\}}$$

and $x\in G_{r}:=\left\{c/d:c,d\in\mathbb{Z}, d\le r, -dr\le c\le dr\right\}$, such that when $x\in G_{10}$, we get the set of points $\left\{(x,f_{.1}(x,10)):x\in G_{10}\right\}$ is:

enter image description here

Question: If $f$ does not exist or satisfy the motivation, how do we change equation $\eqref{bjj}$ so it does?

I assume none of the expected values in the preliminaries give this function a unique and finite expected value. (Hopefully, someone can check.)

Consider the function $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$, where for a base-3 expansion of $x\in\mathbb{R}$, we take the "pseudo-random" iterations of function $\mathscr{F}:\{0,1,2\}\to\{0,1,2\}$ where for the first iteration, replace base-3 digit zero with one; one with two, and two with zero.

In mathematical terms, if $\mathscr{F}:=\left\{(0,1),(1,2),(2,0)\right\}$, such that equation: $$\mathscr{F}^{k}=\underset{k\text{ times}}{\underbrace{\mathscr{F}(\mathscr{F}(\cdots\mathscr{F}(x)))}}$$ is the $k$-th iteration of $\mathscr{F}$, we define a function with "pseudo-random" outputs in $\mathbb{N}$. If we define $g_{\varepsilon}:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ where:

$$g_{\varepsilon}(x)=\begin{cases} \quad\!\!(2\varepsilon)^{x/(2\varepsilon)} & \quad\!\! x<-\varepsilon\\ -1/x & \!-2\varepsilon\le x <0\\ \quad \! 0 & \!\!\quad x=0 \\ \quad\!{1}/{x} & \quad\!\! 0<x<\varepsilon \\ \quad\!\!\,\varepsilon^{-x/\varepsilon} & \quad\!\! x\ge \varepsilon\\ \end{cases}$$

such that $\left[\cdot\right]$ rounds to the nearest integer, then function $z_{\varepsilon}:\mathbb{R}^2\to\mathbb{R}$ or

$$z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)=\big[g_{\varepsilon}(x) k\sin(g_{\varepsilon}(x)k)\big]$$

contains "pseudo-random" outputs of $\mathbb{N}$, where furthermore:

$$\small{f_{\varepsilon}(x)=\left\{\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}{\text{sign}\left(\mathscr{F}^{z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)}(a_k)\right)\mathscr{F}^{z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)}(a_{k})}/{3^k}:a_k\in\left\{0,1,2\right\},x=\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}a_{k}/{3^k}\right\}}$$

which is the same as:

$$\scriptsize{f_{\varepsilon}(x)=\left\{\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}\Big(\text{sign}(\text{mod}(z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)+a,3))\cdot\text{mod}(z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)+a,3)\Big)/{3^k}:a_k\in\left\{0,1,2\right\},x=\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}a_k/{3^k}\right\}}$$

(i.e., $\mathscr{F}^{k}(a_k)=\text{mod}(a_k+k,3)$), such that for set $A\subseteq \mathbb{R}$ we want an $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ where:

\begin{equation} \small{\forall(\varepsilon_1>0)\exists(A\subseteq\mathbb{R})\forall(\varepsilon\in A)\exists(M>0)\forall(x\in\mathbb{R})\left(0<\varepsilon\le M\Rightarrow \left|f_{\varepsilon}(x)-f(x)\right|<\varepsilon_{1}\right)} \label{bjj}\tag{1} \end{equation}

Note: For $g_{\varepsilon}(x)$, we have $2\varepsilon$ (rather than $\varepsilon$) to avoid symmetry in the graph of $f$, and the $\text{sign}$ function in $f_{\varepsilon}(x)$ to allow negative outputs in $f$'s graph.

Using evidence, consider $f_{\varepsilon}(x)\mapsto f_{\varepsilon}(x,t)$ where:

$$\scriptsize{f_{\varepsilon}(x,t)=\left\{\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{t}\Big(\text{sign}(\text{mod}(z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)+a_{k},3))\cdot \text{mod}(z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)+a_{k},3)\Big)/{3^k}:a_{k}\in\left\{0,1,2\right\},x=\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}a_{k}/{3^k}\right\}}$$

and $x\in G_{r}:=\left\{c/d:c,d\in\mathbb{Z}, d\le r, -dr\le c\le dr\right\}$, such that when $x\in G_{10}$, we get the set of points $\left\{(x,f_{.1}(x,10)):x\in G_{10}\right\}$ is:

enter image description here

Question: If $f$ does not exist or satisfy the motivation, how do we change equation $\eqref{bjj}$ so it does?

I assume none of the expected values in the preliminaries give this function a unique and finite expected value. (Hopefully, someone can check.)

Added a graph and made changes to the example
Source Link
Arbuja
  • 63
  • 1
  • 18

Consider the function $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$, where for a base-3 expansion of $x\in\mathbb{R}$, we take the "pseudo-random" iterations of function $\mathscr{F}:\{0,1,2\}\to\{0,1,2\}$ where for the first iteration, replace base-3 digit zero with one; one with two, and two with zero.

In mathematical terms, if $\mathscr{F}:=\left\{(0,1),(1,2),(2,0)\right\}$, such that equation: $$\mathscr{F}^{k}=\underset{k\text{ times}}{\underbrace{\mathscr{F}(\mathscr{F}(\cdots\mathscr{F}(x)))}}$$ is the $k$-th iteration of $\mathscr{F}$, we want to define a function with "pseudo-random" outputs in $\mathbb{N}$. If we define $g_{\varepsilon}:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ where:

$$g_{\varepsilon}(x)=\begin{cases} \quad\!\!\,\varepsilon^{x/\varepsilon} & \quad\!\! x<-\varepsilon\\ -1/x & -\varepsilon\le x <0\\ \quad \! 0 & \!\!\quad x=0 \\ \quad\!{1}/{x} & \quad\!\! 0<x<\varepsilon \\ \quad\!\!\,\varepsilon^{-x/\varepsilon} & \quad\!\! x\ge \varepsilon\\ \end{cases}$$$$g_{\varepsilon}(x)=\begin{cases} \quad\!\!(2\varepsilon)^{x/(2\varepsilon)} & \quad\!\! x<-\varepsilon\\ -1/x & \!-2\varepsilon\le x <0\\ \quad \! 0 & \!\!\quad x=0 \\ \quad\!{1}/{x} & \quad\!\! 0<x<\varepsilon \\ \quad\!\!\,\varepsilon^{-x/\varepsilon} & \quad\!\! x\ge \varepsilon\\ \end{cases}$$

such that $\left[\cdot\right]$ rounds to the nearest integer, then function $z_{\varepsilon}:\mathbb{R}^2\to\mathbb{R}$ whereor

$$z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)=\big[\left|g_{\varepsilon}(x) k\sin(g_{\varepsilon}(x)k)\right|\big]$$$$z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)=\big[g_{\varepsilon}(x) k\sin(g_{\varepsilon}(x)k)\big]$$

contains "pseudo-random" outputs of $\mathbb{N}$, where furthermore:

$${f_{\varepsilon}(x)=\left\{\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}{\mathscr{F}^{z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)}(a)}/{3^k}:a\in\left\{0,1,2\right\},x=\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}a/{3^k}\right\}}$$$$\small{f_{\varepsilon}(x)=\left\{\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}{\text{sign}\left(\mathscr{F}^{z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)}(a)\right)\mathscr{F}^{z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)}(a)}/{3^k}:a\in\left\{0,1,2\right\},x=\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}a/{3^k}\right\}}$$

which is the same as:

$$\scriptsize{f_{\varepsilon}(x)=\left\{\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}\Big(\text{sign}(\text{mod}(z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)+a,3))\cdot\text{mod}(z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)+a,3)\Big)/{3^k}:a\in\left\{0,1,2\right\},x=\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}a/{3^k}\right\}}$$

(i.e., $\mathscr{F}^{k}(a)=\text{mod}(a+k,3)$), such that for set $A\subseteq \mathbb{R}$, we want an $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ where:

$$\forall(\varepsilon_1>0)\exists(A\subseteq\mathbb{R})\forall(\varepsilon\in A)\exists(M>0)\forall(x\in\mathbb{R})\left(0<\varepsilon\le M\Rightarrow \left|f_{\varepsilon}(x)-f(x)\right|<\varepsilon_{1}\right)$$\begin{equation} \small{\forall(\varepsilon_1>0)\exists(A\subseteq\mathbb{R})\forall(\varepsilon\in A)\exists(M>0)\forall(x\in\mathbb{R})\left(0<\varepsilon\le M\Rightarrow \left|f_{\varepsilon}(x)-f(x)\right|<\varepsilon_{1}\right)} \label{bjj}\tag{1} \end{equation}

I'm not sure if this covers an "infinite expanse of space".Note: For $g_{\varepsilon}(x)$, we have $2\varepsilon$ (This would be interestingrather than $\varepsilon$) to avoid symmetry in the graph) of $f$, and the $\text{sign}$ function in $f_{\varepsilon}(x)$ to allow negative outputs in $f$'s graph.

Using evidence, consider $f_{\varepsilon}(x)\mapsto f_{\varepsilon}(x,t)$ where:

$$\scriptsize{f_{\varepsilon}(x,t)=\left\{\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{t}\Big(\text{sign}(\text{mod}(z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)+a,3))\cdot \text{mod}(z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)+a,3)\Big)/{3^k}:a\in\left\{0,1,2\right\},x=\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}a/{3^k}\right\}}$$

and $x\in G_{r}:=\left\{c/d:c,d\in\mathbb{Z}, d\le r, -dr\le c\le dr\right\}$, such that when $x\in G_{10}$, we get the set of points $\left\{(x,f_{.1}(x,10)):x\in G_{10}\right\}$ is:

enter image description here

Question: If $f$ does not exist or satisfy the motivation, how do we change equation $\eqref{bjj}$ so it does?

I assume none of the expected values in the preliminaries give this function a unique and finite expected value. (Hopefully, someone can check.)

Consider the function $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$, where for a base-3 expansion of $x\in\mathbb{R}$, we take the "pseudo-random" iterations of function $\mathscr{F}:\{0,1,2\}\to\{0,1,2\}$ where for the first iteration, replace base-3 digit zero with one; one with two, and two with zero.

In mathematical terms, if $\mathscr{F}:=\left\{(0,1),(1,2),(2,0)\right\}$, such that equation: $$\mathscr{F}^{k}=\underset{k\text{ times}}{\underbrace{\mathscr{F}(\mathscr{F}(\cdots\mathscr{F}(x)))}}$$ is the $k$-th iteration of $\mathscr{F}$, we want to define a function with "pseudo-random" outputs in $\mathbb{N}$. If we define $g_{\varepsilon}:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ where:

$$g_{\varepsilon}(x)=\begin{cases} \quad\!\!\,\varepsilon^{x/\varepsilon} & \quad\!\! x<-\varepsilon\\ -1/x & -\varepsilon\le x <0\\ \quad \! 0 & \!\!\quad x=0 \\ \quad\!{1}/{x} & \quad\!\! 0<x<\varepsilon \\ \quad\!\!\,\varepsilon^{-x/\varepsilon} & \quad\!\! x\ge \varepsilon\\ \end{cases}$$

such that $\left[\cdot\right]$ rounds to the nearest integer, then function $z_{\varepsilon}:\mathbb{R}^2\to\mathbb{R}$ where

$$z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)=\big[\left|g_{\varepsilon}(x) k\sin(g_{\varepsilon}(x)k)\right|\big]$$

contains "pseudo-random" outputs of $\mathbb{N}$ where furthermore:

$${f_{\varepsilon}(x)=\left\{\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}{\mathscr{F}^{z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)}(a)}/{3^k}:a\in\left\{0,1,2\right\},x=\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}a/{3^k}\right\}}$$

such that for set $A\subseteq \mathbb{R}$, we want an $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ where:

$$\forall(\varepsilon_1>0)\exists(A\subseteq\mathbb{R})\forall(\varepsilon\in A)\exists(M>0)\forall(x\in\mathbb{R})\left(0<\varepsilon\le M\Rightarrow \left|f_{\varepsilon}(x)-f(x)\right|<\varepsilon_{1}\right)$$

I'm not sure if this covers an "infinite expanse of space". (This would be interesting to graph).

I assume none of the expected values in the preliminaries give this function a unique and finite expected value. (Hopefully, someone can check.)

Consider the function $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$, where for a base-3 expansion of $x\in\mathbb{R}$, we take the "pseudo-random" iterations of function $\mathscr{F}:\{0,1,2\}\to\{0,1,2\}$ where for the first iteration, replace base-3 digit zero with one; one with two, and two with zero.

In mathematical terms, if $\mathscr{F}:=\left\{(0,1),(1,2),(2,0)\right\}$, such that equation: $$\mathscr{F}^{k}=\underset{k\text{ times}}{\underbrace{\mathscr{F}(\mathscr{F}(\cdots\mathscr{F}(x)))}}$$ is the $k$-th iteration of $\mathscr{F}$, we define a function with "pseudo-random" outputs in $\mathbb{N}$. If we define $g_{\varepsilon}:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ where:

$$g_{\varepsilon}(x)=\begin{cases} \quad\!\!(2\varepsilon)^{x/(2\varepsilon)} & \quad\!\! x<-\varepsilon\\ -1/x & \!-2\varepsilon\le x <0\\ \quad \! 0 & \!\!\quad x=0 \\ \quad\!{1}/{x} & \quad\!\! 0<x<\varepsilon \\ \quad\!\!\,\varepsilon^{-x/\varepsilon} & \quad\!\! x\ge \varepsilon\\ \end{cases}$$

such that $\left[\cdot\right]$ rounds to the nearest integer, then function $z_{\varepsilon}:\mathbb{R}^2\to\mathbb{R}$ or

$$z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)=\big[g_{\varepsilon}(x) k\sin(g_{\varepsilon}(x)k)\big]$$

contains "pseudo-random" outputs of $\mathbb{N}$, where furthermore:

$$\small{f_{\varepsilon}(x)=\left\{\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}{\text{sign}\left(\mathscr{F}^{z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)}(a)\right)\mathscr{F}^{z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)}(a)}/{3^k}:a\in\left\{0,1,2\right\},x=\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}a/{3^k}\right\}}$$

which is the same as:

$$\scriptsize{f_{\varepsilon}(x)=\left\{\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}\Big(\text{sign}(\text{mod}(z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)+a,3))\cdot\text{mod}(z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)+a,3)\Big)/{3^k}:a\in\left\{0,1,2\right\},x=\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}a/{3^k}\right\}}$$

(i.e., $\mathscr{F}^{k}(a)=\text{mod}(a+k,3)$), such that for set $A\subseteq \mathbb{R}$ we want an $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ where:

\begin{equation} \small{\forall(\varepsilon_1>0)\exists(A\subseteq\mathbb{R})\forall(\varepsilon\in A)\exists(M>0)\forall(x\in\mathbb{R})\left(0<\varepsilon\le M\Rightarrow \left|f_{\varepsilon}(x)-f(x)\right|<\varepsilon_{1}\right)} \label{bjj}\tag{1} \end{equation}

Note: For $g_{\varepsilon}(x)$, we have $2\varepsilon$ (rather than $\varepsilon$) to avoid symmetry in the graph of $f$, and the $\text{sign}$ function in $f_{\varepsilon}(x)$ to allow negative outputs in $f$'s graph.

Using evidence, consider $f_{\varepsilon}(x)\mapsto f_{\varepsilon}(x,t)$ where:

$$\scriptsize{f_{\varepsilon}(x,t)=\left\{\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{t}\Big(\text{sign}(\text{mod}(z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)+a,3))\cdot \text{mod}(z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)+a,3)\Big)/{3^k}:a\in\left\{0,1,2\right\},x=\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}a/{3^k}\right\}}$$

and $x\in G_{r}:=\left\{c/d:c,d\in\mathbb{Z}, d\le r, -dr\le c\le dr\right\}$, such that when $x\in G_{10}$, we get the set of points $\left\{(x,f_{.1}(x,10)):x\in G_{10}\right\}$ is:

enter image description here

Question: If $f$ does not exist or satisfy the motivation, how do we change equation $\eqref{bjj}$ so it does?

I assume none of the expected values in the preliminaries give this function a unique and finite expected value. (Hopefully, someone can check.)

Small error
Source Link
Arbuja
  • 63
  • 1
  • 18

Consider the function $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$, where for a base-3 expansion of $x\in\mathbb{R}$, we take the "pseudo-random" iterations of function $\mathscr{F}:\{0,1,2\}\to\{0,1,2\}$ where for the first iteration, replace base-3 digit zero with one; one with two, and two with zero.

In mathematical terms, if $\mathscr{F}:=\left\{(0,1),(1,2),(2,0)\right\}$, such that equation: $$\mathscr{F}^{k}=\underset{k\text{ times}}{\underbrace{\mathscr{F}(\mathscr{F}(\cdots\mathscr{F}(x)))}}$$ is the $k$-th iterationsiteration of $\mathscr{F}$, we want to define a function with "pseudo-random" outputs in $\mathbb{N}$. If we define $g_{\varepsilon}:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ where:

$$g_{\varepsilon}(x)=\begin{cases} \quad\!\!\,\varepsilon^{x/\varepsilon} & \quad\!\! x<\varepsilon\\ -1/x & -\varepsilon\le x <0\\ \quad \! 0 & \!\!\quad x=0 \\ \quad\!{1}/{x} & \quad\!\! 0<x<\varepsilon \\ \quad\!\!\,\varepsilon^{-x/\varepsilon} & \quad\!\! x\ge \varepsilon\\ \end{cases}$$$$g_{\varepsilon}(x)=\begin{cases} \quad\!\!\,\varepsilon^{x/\varepsilon} & \quad\!\! x<-\varepsilon\\ -1/x & -\varepsilon\le x <0\\ \quad \! 0 & \!\!\quad x=0 \\ \quad\!{1}/{x} & \quad\!\! 0<x<\varepsilon \\ \quad\!\!\,\varepsilon^{-x/\varepsilon} & \quad\!\! x\ge \varepsilon\\ \end{cases}$$

such that $\left[\cdot\right]$ rounds to the nearest integer, withthen function $z_{\varepsilon}:\mathbb{R}^2\to\mathbb{R}$ where

$$z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)=\big[\left|g_{\varepsilon}(x) k\sin(g_{\varepsilon}(x)k)\right|\big]$$

which contains "pseudo-random" outputs of $\mathbb{N}$, such that where furthermore:

$${f_{\varepsilon}(x)=\left\{\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}{\mathscr{F}^{z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)}(a)}/{3^k}:a\in\left\{0,1,2\right\},x=\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}a/{3^k}\right\}}$$

wheresuch that for set $A\subseteq \mathbb{R}$, we want an $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ such thatwhere:

$$\forall(\varepsilon_1>0)\exists(A\subseteq\mathbb{R})\forall(\varepsilon\in A)\exists(M>0)\forall(x\in\mathbb{R})\left(0<\varepsilon\le M\Rightarrow \left|f_{\varepsilon}(x)-f(x)\right|<\varepsilon_{1}\right)$$

I'm not sure if this covers an "infinite expanse of space". (This would be interesting to graph).

I assume none of the expected values in the preliminaries give this function a unique and finite expected value. (Hopefully, someone can check.)

Consider the function $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$, where for a base-3 expansion of $x\in\mathbb{R}$, we take the "pseudo-random" iterations of function $\mathscr{F}:\{0,1,2\}\to\{0,1,2\}$ where for the first iteration, replace base-3 digit zero with one; one with two, and two with zero.

In mathematical terms, if $\mathscr{F}:=\left\{(0,1),(1,2),(2,0)\right\}$, such that equation: $$\mathscr{F}^{k}=\underset{k\text{ times}}{\underbrace{\mathscr{F}(\mathscr{F}(\cdots\mathscr{F}(x)))}}$$ is the $k$-th iterations of $\mathscr{F}$, we want to define a function with "pseudo-random" outputs in $\mathbb{N}$. If we define $g_{\varepsilon}:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ where:

$$g_{\varepsilon}(x)=\begin{cases} \quad\!\!\,\varepsilon^{x/\varepsilon} & \quad\!\! x<\varepsilon\\ -1/x & -\varepsilon\le x <0\\ \quad \! 0 & \!\!\quad x=0 \\ \quad\!{1}/{x} & \quad\!\! 0<x<\varepsilon \\ \quad\!\!\,\varepsilon^{-x/\varepsilon} & \quad\!\! x\ge \varepsilon\\ \end{cases}$$

such that $\left[\cdot\right]$ rounds to the nearest integer, with function $z_{\varepsilon}:\mathbb{R}^2\to\mathbb{R}$ where

$$z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)=\big[\left|g_{\varepsilon}(x) k\sin(g_{\varepsilon}(x)k)\right|\big]$$

which contains "pseudo-random" outputs of $\mathbb{N}$, such that:

$${f_{\varepsilon}(x)=\left\{\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}{\mathscr{F}^{z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)}(a)}/{3^k}:a\in\left\{0,1,2\right\},x=\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}a/{3^k}\right\}}$$

where for set $A\subseteq \mathbb{R}$, we want an $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ such that:

$$\forall(\varepsilon_1>0)\exists(A\subseteq\mathbb{R})\forall(\varepsilon\in A)\exists(M>0)\forall(x\in\mathbb{R})\left(0<\varepsilon\le M\Rightarrow \left|f_{\varepsilon}(x)-f(x)\right|<\varepsilon_{1}\right)$$

I'm not sure if this covers an "infinite expanse of space". (This would be interesting to graph).

I assume none of the expected values in the preliminaries give this function a unique and finite expected value. (Hopefully, someone can check.)

Consider the function $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$, where for a base-3 expansion of $x\in\mathbb{R}$, we take the "pseudo-random" iterations of function $\mathscr{F}:\{0,1,2\}\to\{0,1,2\}$ where for the first iteration, replace base-3 digit zero with one; one with two, and two with zero.

In mathematical terms, if $\mathscr{F}:=\left\{(0,1),(1,2),(2,0)\right\}$, such that equation: $$\mathscr{F}^{k}=\underset{k\text{ times}}{\underbrace{\mathscr{F}(\mathscr{F}(\cdots\mathscr{F}(x)))}}$$ is the $k$-th iteration of $\mathscr{F}$, we want to define a function with "pseudo-random" outputs in $\mathbb{N}$. If we define $g_{\varepsilon}:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ where:

$$g_{\varepsilon}(x)=\begin{cases} \quad\!\!\,\varepsilon^{x/\varepsilon} & \quad\!\! x<-\varepsilon\\ -1/x & -\varepsilon\le x <0\\ \quad \! 0 & \!\!\quad x=0 \\ \quad\!{1}/{x} & \quad\!\! 0<x<\varepsilon \\ \quad\!\!\,\varepsilon^{-x/\varepsilon} & \quad\!\! x\ge \varepsilon\\ \end{cases}$$

such that $\left[\cdot\right]$ rounds to the nearest integer, then function $z_{\varepsilon}:\mathbb{R}^2\to\mathbb{R}$ where

$$z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)=\big[\left|g_{\varepsilon}(x) k\sin(g_{\varepsilon}(x)k)\right|\big]$$

contains "pseudo-random" outputs of $\mathbb{N}$ where furthermore:

$${f_{\varepsilon}(x)=\left\{\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}{\mathscr{F}^{z_{\varepsilon}(x,k)}(a)}/{3^k}:a\in\left\{0,1,2\right\},x=\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}a/{3^k}\right\}}$$

such that for set $A\subseteq \mathbb{R}$, we want an $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ where:

$$\forall(\varepsilon_1>0)\exists(A\subseteq\mathbb{R})\forall(\varepsilon\in A)\exists(M>0)\forall(x\in\mathbb{R})\left(0<\varepsilon\le M\Rightarrow \left|f_{\varepsilon}(x)-f(x)\right|<\varepsilon_{1}\right)$$

I'm not sure if this covers an "infinite expanse of space". (This would be interesting to graph).

I assume none of the expected values in the preliminaries give this function a unique and finite expected value. (Hopefully, someone can check.)

Cleaning up final statement.
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Made corrections to the answer.
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