Skip to main content
added a note
Source Link
Narutaka OZAWA
  • 10.1k
  • 1
  • 42
  • 50

The finest topology that coincides with $\tau*$ ($\sigma$-strong in this case) on $\tau$-bounded (norm-bounded in this case) subsets is the mixed topology $\gamma(\tau,\tau^*)$, introduced by A. Wiweger, Linear spaces with mixed topology. Studia Mathematica 20 (1961), 47--68; see 2.2.2. For the Hilbert space $\ell_2$ (or perhaps any separable infinite dimensional Banach space?), the inequalities $$\mbox{$\sigma$-strong} \le \mbox{uniform convergence on compact subsets} \le \gamma(\mbox{norm},\mbox{$\sigma$-strong})$$ are strict (Addendum: I'm no longer so sure if the second inequality is strict).


A note for posterity: I was noticed that there is some confusion in the literature as to the difference of the above topologies. E.g., Proposition I.8.6.3 in Blackadar's book erroneously claims that the $\sigma$-strong topology on $B(H)$ coincides with the strict topology arising as the multiplier of $K(H)$. The essentially same claim is seen in Chapter 8 in Lance's book. In fact, these topologies are different (although they coincide on norm bounded subsets, and that's what's needed in daily life), as the following example shows.

Take a sequence of mutually orthogonal rank one orthogonal projections $p_n$ on a separable Hilbert space $H$. Then, the $\sigma$-strong closure of $\{ \sqrt{n} p_n \}$ contains $0$. Indeed, for any positive linear functional $f$ on $B(H)$, one has $\liminf_n f(n p_n)=0$, for otherwise $f(p_n)>\frac{\epsilon}{n}$ for all $n$ and $\lim_m f(\sum_{n=1}^m p_n)=\infty$, a contradiction. However, $T:=\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}p_n \in K(H)$ (or the compact subset $\{ Tv : \|v\|\le1\})$ separates $0$ from $\{ \sqrt{n} p_n \}$ in the strict topology (or the compact open topology).

The finest topology that coincides with $\tau*$ ($\sigma$-strong in this case) on $\tau$-bounded (norm-bounded in this case) subsets is the mixed topology $\gamma(\tau,\tau^*)$, introduced by A. Wiweger, Linear spaces with mixed topology. Studia Mathematica 20 (1961), 47--68; see 2.2.2. For the Hilbert space $\ell_2$ (or perhaps any separable infinite dimensional Banach space?), the inequalities $$\mbox{$\sigma$-strong} \le \mbox{uniform convergence on compact subsets} \le \gamma(\mbox{norm},\mbox{$\sigma$-strong})$$ are strict.

The finest topology that coincides with $\tau*$ ($\sigma$-strong in this case) on $\tau$-bounded (norm-bounded in this case) subsets is the mixed topology $\gamma(\tau,\tau^*)$, introduced by A. Wiweger, Linear spaces with mixed topology. Studia Mathematica 20 (1961), 47--68; see 2.2.2. For the Hilbert space $\ell_2$ (or perhaps any separable infinite dimensional Banach space?), the inequalities $$\mbox{$\sigma$-strong} \le \mbox{uniform convergence on compact subsets} \le \gamma(\mbox{norm},\mbox{$\sigma$-strong})$$ are strict (Addendum: I'm no longer so sure if the second inequality is strict).


A note for posterity: I was noticed that there is some confusion in the literature as to the difference of the above topologies. E.g., Proposition I.8.6.3 in Blackadar's book erroneously claims that the $\sigma$-strong topology on $B(H)$ coincides with the strict topology arising as the multiplier of $K(H)$. The essentially same claim is seen in Chapter 8 in Lance's book. In fact, these topologies are different (although they coincide on norm bounded subsets, and that's what's needed in daily life), as the following example shows.

Take a sequence of mutually orthogonal rank one orthogonal projections $p_n$ on a separable Hilbert space $H$. Then, the $\sigma$-strong closure of $\{ \sqrt{n} p_n \}$ contains $0$. Indeed, for any positive linear functional $f$ on $B(H)$, one has $\liminf_n f(n p_n)=0$, for otherwise $f(p_n)>\frac{\epsilon}{n}$ for all $n$ and $\lim_m f(\sum_{n=1}^m p_n)=\infty$, a contradiction. However, $T:=\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}p_n \in K(H)$ (or the compact subset $\{ Tv : \|v\|\le1\})$ separates $0$ from $\{ \sqrt{n} p_n \}$ in the strict topology (or the compact open topology).

added 42 characters in body
Source Link
Narutaka OZAWA
  • 10.1k
  • 1
  • 42
  • 50

The finest topology that coincides with $\tau*$ ($\sigma$-strong in this case) on $\tau$-bounded (norm-bounded in this case) subsets is the mixed topology $\gamma(\tau,\tau^*)$, introduced by [A. Wiweger, Linear spaces with mixed topology. Studia Mathematica 20 (1961), 47--68];A. Wiweger, Linear spaces with mixed topology. Studia Mathematica 20 (1961), 47--68; see 2.2.2. For the Hilbert space $\ell_2$ (or perhaps any separable infinite dimensional Banach space?), the inequalities $$\mbox{$\sigma$-strong} \le \mbox{uniform convergence on compact subsets} \le \gamma(\mbox{norm},\mbox{$\sigma$-strong})$$ are strict.

The finest topology that coincides with $\tau*$ ($\sigma$-strong in this case) on $\tau$-bounded (norm-bounded in this case) subsets is the mixed topology $\gamma(\tau,\tau^*)$, introduced by [A. Wiweger, Linear spaces with mixed topology. Studia Mathematica 20 (1961), 47--68]; see 2.2.2. For the Hilbert space $\ell_2$ (or perhaps any separable infinite dimensional Banach space?), the inequalities $$\mbox{$\sigma$-strong} \le \mbox{uniform convergence on compact subsets} \le \gamma(\mbox{norm},\mbox{$\sigma$-strong})$$ are strict.

The finest topology that coincides with $\tau*$ ($\sigma$-strong in this case) on $\tau$-bounded (norm-bounded in this case) subsets is the mixed topology $\gamma(\tau,\tau^*)$, introduced by A. Wiweger, Linear spaces with mixed topology. Studia Mathematica 20 (1961), 47--68; see 2.2.2. For the Hilbert space $\ell_2$ (or perhaps any separable infinite dimensional Banach space?), the inequalities $$\mbox{$\sigma$-strong} \le \mbox{uniform convergence on compact subsets} \le \gamma(\mbox{norm},\mbox{$\sigma$-strong})$$ are strict.

Source Link
Narutaka OZAWA
  • 10.1k
  • 1
  • 42
  • 50

The finest topology that coincides with $\tau*$ ($\sigma$-strong in this case) on $\tau$-bounded (norm-bounded in this case) subsets is the mixed topology $\gamma(\tau,\tau^*)$, introduced by [A. Wiweger, Linear spaces with mixed topology. Studia Mathematica 20 (1961), 47--68]; see 2.2.2. For the Hilbert space $\ell_2$ (or perhaps any separable infinite dimensional Banach space?), the inequalities $$\mbox{$\sigma$-strong} \le \mbox{uniform convergence on compact subsets} \le \gamma(\mbox{norm},\mbox{$\sigma$-strong})$$ are strict.