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Apr 24, 2023 at 21:47 comment added Moishe Kohan @IgorBelegradek: I think "A useful functor and three famous examples in topology" by Williams or "Degree-one, monotone self-maps of the Pontryagin surface are near-homeomorphisms" by Daverman and Thickstun.
Apr 24, 2023 at 20:36 comment added Paul Fabel If $X$ is metric then $X$ contains a disk iff there exists a map from $R^{2}$ onto a subspace $Y$ of $X$, such that compacta in $Y$ have compact preimage, and so that the preimage of each $y$ in $Y$ does not separate the plane.
Apr 24, 2023 at 20:20 comment added Paul Fabel Iff there exists a quotient map from $R^{2}$ onto a subspace of $X$ such that each point preimage is a non separating continuum, and so that the point preimages form an upper-semi-continuous decomposition of the plane. There is some redundancy in this answer if $X$ has a reasonable topology.
Apr 24, 2023 at 18:43 comment added Igor Belegradek @MoisheKohan: I gather a Pontryagin surface is a certain connected sum of infinitely many projective planes, and relevant properties are that it is 2-dimensional, homogeneous and not locally contractible (hence cannot contain a 2-disk). What is a good reference for the properties?
Apr 24, 2023 at 18:02 comment added Moishe Kohan Yes, this is insufficient, Pontryagin surface would be an example.
Apr 24, 2023 at 16:15 history asked Jeremy Brazas CC BY-SA 4.0