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Mar 10, 2023 at 21:57 history edited Mikhail Tikhomirov CC BY-SA 4.0
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Mar 10, 2023 at 21:46 comment added Mikhail Tikhomirov I'd like to point a different cute interpretation of $(\heartsuit)$, divided by $4^{n+ p + q} {n + p + q \choose n}$. Define $X_{n, t}$ as the following random variable: let $W$ be a random $\pm 1$ walk on the $x$-axis of $2n$ steps, and $A$ be a random set of $t$ odd moments from $\{1, \ldots, 2n - 1\}$, then put $X_{n, t}$ as the number of elements of $A$ before the last visit of $0$ in $W$. Then the distribution of $X_{n, t}$ is independent of $n$, as adjusted RHS$(\heartsuit)$ is $\Pr(X_{n + p + q, p + q}) = p$.
Mar 10, 2023 at 21:26 history edited Mikhail Tikhomirov CC BY-SA 4.0
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Mar 10, 2023 at 21:20 history edited Mikhail Tikhomirov CC BY-SA 4.0
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Mar 10, 2023 at 20:57 history answered Mikhail Tikhomirov CC BY-SA 4.0