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Iosif Pinelis
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The probability that, of the $m$ random points on the $n$-sphere (that is, on the unit sphere in $\mathbb R^n$), $m/2$ points lie in the all-positive orthant and the other $m/2$ lie in the all-negative orthant is the same as the probability that, of the $m$ iid standard Gaussian random points, $m/2$ points lie in the all-positive orthant and the other $m/2$ lie in the all-negative orthant, which is $$\sum_{J\in\binom{[m]}{m/2}}P(G_{ij}>0\ \forall i\in J\ \forall j\in[n],\ G_{ij}<0\ \forall i\in[m]\setminus J\ \forall j\in[n]) = \binom m{m/2}2^{-mn},$$ where $[n]:=\{1,\dots,n\}$, $\binom{[m]}{m/2}$ is the set of all subsets of cardinality $m/2$ of the set $[m]$, and the $G_{ij}$'s are iid standard normal random variables (r.v.'s). (Here it is of course assumed that $m$ is even.)

This follows because, if $G_1,\dots,G_n$ are iid standard normal r.v.'s, then the random point $$\frac{(G_1,\dots,G_n)}{\sqrt{G_1^2+\dots+G_n^2}}$$ is uniformly distributed on the $n$-sphere.

The probability that, of the $m$ random points on the $n$-sphere (that is, on the unit sphere in $\mathbb R^n$), $m/2$ points lie in the all-positive orthant and the other $m/2$ lie in the all-negative orthant is the same as the probability that, of the $m$ iid standard Gaussian points, $m/2$ points lie in the all-positive orthant and the other $m/2$ lie in the all-negative orthant, which is $$\sum_{J\in\binom{[m]}{m/2}}P(G_{ij}>0\ \forall i\in J\ \forall j\in[n],\ G_{ij}<0\ \forall i\in[m]\setminus J\ \forall j\in[n]) = \binom m{m/2}2^{-mn},$$ where $[n]:=\{1,\dots,n\}$, $\binom{[m]}{m/2}$ is the set of all subsets of cardinality $m/2$ of the set $[m]$, and the $G_{ij}$'s are iid standard normal random variables (r.v.'s). (Here it is of course assumed that $m$ is even.)

This follows because, if $G_1,\dots,G_n$ are iid standard normal r.v.'s, then the random point $$\frac{(G_1,\dots,G_n)}{\sqrt{G_1^2+\dots+G_n^2}}$$ is uniformly distributed on the $n$-sphere.

The probability that, of the $m$ random points on the $n$-sphere (that is, on the unit sphere in $\mathbb R^n$), $m/2$ points lie in the all-positive orthant and the other $m/2$ lie in the all-negative orthant is the same as the probability that, of the $m$ iid standard Gaussian random points, $m/2$ points lie in the all-positive orthant and the other $m/2$ lie in the all-negative orthant, which is $$\sum_{J\in\binom{[m]}{m/2}}P(G_{ij}>0\ \forall i\in J\ \forall j\in[n],\ G_{ij}<0\ \forall i\in[m]\setminus J\ \forall j\in[n]) = \binom m{m/2}2^{-mn},$$ where $[n]:=\{1,\dots,n\}$, $\binom{[m]}{m/2}$ is the set of all subsets of cardinality $m/2$ of the set $[m]$, and the $G_{ij}$'s are iid standard normal random variables (r.v.'s). (Here it is of course assumed that $m$ is even.)

This follows because, if $G_1,\dots,G_n$ are iid standard normal r.v.'s, then the random point $$\frac{(G_1,\dots,G_n)}{\sqrt{G_1^2+\dots+G_n^2}}$$ is uniformly distributed on the $n$-sphere.

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Iosif Pinelis
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The probability that, of the $m$ random points on the $n$-sphere (that is, on the unit sphere in $\mathbb R^n$), $m/2$ points lie in the all-positive orthant and the other $m/2$ lie in the all-negative orthant is the same as the probability that, of the $m$ iid standard Gaussian points, $m/2$ points lie in the all-positive orthant and the other $m/2$ lie in the all-negative orthant, which is $$\sum_{J\in\binom{[m]}{m/2}}P(G_{ij}>0\ \forall i\in J\ \forall j\in[n],\ G_{ij}<0\ \forall i\in[m]\setminus J\ \forall j\in[n]) = \binom m{m/2}2^{-mn},$$ where $[n]:=\{1,\dots,n\}$, $\binom{[m]}{m/2}$ is the set of all subsets of cardinality $m/2$ of the set $[m]$, and the $G_{ij}$'s are iid standard normal random variables (r.v.'s). (Here it is of course assumed that $m$ is even.)

This follows because, if $G_1,\dots,G_n$ are iid standard normal r.v.'s, then the random point $$\frac{(G_1,\dots,G_n)}{\sqrt{G_1^2+\dots+G_n^2}}$$ is uniformly distributed on the $n$-sphere.

The probability that, of the $m$ random points on the sphere, $m/2$ points lie in the all-positive orthant and the other $m/2$ lie in the all-negative orthant is the same as the probability that, of the $m$ iid standard Gaussian points, $m/2$ points lie in the all-positive orthant and the other $m/2$ lie in the all-negative orthant, which is $$\sum_{J\in\binom{[m]}{m/2}}P(G_{ij}>0\ \forall i\in J\ \forall j\in[n],\ G_{ij}<0\ \forall i\in[m]\setminus J\ \forall j\in[n]) = \binom m{m/2}2^{-mn},$$ where $[n]:=\{1,\dots,n\}$, $\binom{[m]}{m/2}$ is the set of all subsets of cardinality $m/2$ of the set $[m]$, and the $G_{ij}$'s are iid standard normal random variables.

The probability that, of the $m$ random points on the $n$-sphere (that is, on the unit sphere in $\mathbb R^n$), $m/2$ points lie in the all-positive orthant and the other $m/2$ lie in the all-negative orthant is the same as the probability that, of the $m$ iid standard Gaussian points, $m/2$ points lie in the all-positive orthant and the other $m/2$ lie in the all-negative orthant, which is $$\sum_{J\in\binom{[m]}{m/2}}P(G_{ij}>0\ \forall i\in J\ \forall j\in[n],\ G_{ij}<0\ \forall i\in[m]\setminus J\ \forall j\in[n]) = \binom m{m/2}2^{-mn},$$ where $[n]:=\{1,\dots,n\}$, $\binom{[m]}{m/2}$ is the set of all subsets of cardinality $m/2$ of the set $[m]$, and the $G_{ij}$'s are iid standard normal random variables (r.v.'s). (Here it is of course assumed that $m$ is even.)

This follows because, if $G_1,\dots,G_n$ are iid standard normal r.v.'s, then the random point $$\frac{(G_1,\dots,G_n)}{\sqrt{G_1^2+\dots+G_n^2}}$$ is uniformly distributed on the $n$-sphere.

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Iosif Pinelis
  • 127.8k
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  • 107
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The probability that, of the $m$ random points on the sphere, $m/2$ points lie in the all-positive orthant and the other $m/2$ lie in the all-negative orthant is the same as the probability that, of the $m$ iid standard Gaussian points, $m/2$ points lie in the all-positive orthant and the other $m/2$ lie in the all-negative orthant, which is $$\binom m{m/2}2^{-mn}.$$$$\sum_{J\in\binom{[m]}{m/2}}P(G_{ij}>0\ \forall i\in J\ \forall j\in[n],\ G_{ij}<0\ \forall i\in[m]\setminus J\ \forall j\in[n]) = \binom m{m/2}2^{-mn},$$ where $[n]:=\{1,\dots,n\}$, $\binom{[m]}{m/2}$ is the set of all subsets of cardinality $m/2$ of the set $[m]$, and the $G_{ij}$'s are iid standard normal random variables.

The probability that, of the $m$ points on the sphere, $m/2$ points lie in the all-positive orthant and the other $m/2$ lie in the all-negative orthant is the same as the probability that, of the $m$ iid standard Gaussian points, $m/2$ points lie in the all-positive orthant and the other $m/2$ lie in the all-negative orthant, which is $$\binom m{m/2}2^{-mn}.$$

The probability that, of the $m$ random points on the sphere, $m/2$ points lie in the all-positive orthant and the other $m/2$ lie in the all-negative orthant is the same as the probability that, of the $m$ iid standard Gaussian points, $m/2$ points lie in the all-positive orthant and the other $m/2$ lie in the all-negative orthant, which is $$\sum_{J\in\binom{[m]}{m/2}}P(G_{ij}>0\ \forall i\in J\ \forall j\in[n],\ G_{ij}<0\ \forall i\in[m]\setminus J\ \forall j\in[n]) = \binom m{m/2}2^{-mn},$$ where $[n]:=\{1,\dots,n\}$, $\binom{[m]}{m/2}$ is the set of all subsets of cardinality $m/2$ of the set $[m]$, and the $G_{ij}$'s are iid standard normal random variables.

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Iosif Pinelis
  • 127.8k
  • 8
  • 107
  • 229
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