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Aug 29, 2022 at 20:38 comment added Wojowu You can cover the case of all primes using some finer versions of Artin-Schreier theorem, see e.g. Theorem 3.1 here. If $G_K$ has an element of order $2$ (or any other finite order other than $1$), then its fixed field would satisfy the conditions of the theorem, implying that sums of squares in $K$ don't vanish. But this doesn't hold for any local field, since some negative integers will be squares.
Aug 29, 2022 at 19:32 comment added curious math guy thanks for the question and the answer! :)
Aug 29, 2022 at 19:30 vote accept curious math guy
Aug 29, 2022 at 19:24 history answered David Loeffler CC BY-SA 4.0