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Aug 29, 2022 at 13:49 history edited user44143 CC BY-SA 4.0
minor corrections at beginning
Aug 29, 2022 at 13:16 comment added user44143 I redid this with more generality and a clearer assumption of minimality. So if there are more equations than unknowns, then some of the equations are not needed. Similarly, this assumption of minimality avoids equations of the form $f^2+g^2=0$, in favor of a pair of equations of the form $f=0, g=0$; and it avoids equations of the form $fg=0$ in favor of using $f=0$ by itself or using $g=0$ by itself. I hope that in this way, if algebraically dependent equations occur at some point, it will be possible to use some analysis or some o-minimality.to prove that they have multiple solutions.
Aug 29, 2022 at 13:12 history edited user44143 CC BY-SA 4.0
replaced and re-placed assumption of minimality
Aug 29, 2022 at 13:02 comment added Emil Jeřábek Why do you assume you have $n$ equations in $n$ unknowns? You may well have $n$ equations in $m>n$ unknowns (or vice versa).
Aug 29, 2022 at 13:00 history edited user44143 CC BY-SA 4.0
corrected proof of lemma
Aug 29, 2022 at 12:50 history edited user44143 CC BY-SA 4.0
gave algorithm in more generality
Aug 27, 2022 at 13:22 history edited user44143 CC BY-SA 4.0
added examples in response to comments
Aug 27, 2022 at 13:17 history edited user44143 CC BY-SA 4.0
added examples in response to comments
Aug 27, 2022 at 8:28 comment added Emil Jeřábek The example is not entirely representative as it does not involve any variables besides $u$. I included in the question another normal form for existential definitions that may be more useful for this approach. But anyway, when I tried to think about how to generalize the argument, I believe the major problem is how to show that the algebraic equations are independent; or rather, how to deal with the fact that they are not independent in general. This is unavoidable, as after all $e$ does satisfy plenty of existential formulas (but, presumably, not as a unique solution).
Aug 26, 2022 at 18:45 comment added user44143 Yes, I’ve corrected this. I think we can prove this properly for arbitrary terms by starting with a large list of variables and equations, and repeatedly eliminating complicated terms via Schanuel’s conjecture. And before that, perhaps someone can either simplify the argument here, or provide a reference for iterating Schanuel’s conjecture to cite for the details.
Aug 26, 2022 at 17:59 history edited user44143 CC BY-SA 4.0
corrected
Aug 26, 2022 at 17:31 comment added Emil Jeřábek Thank you. You mean the third condition is false, right? The suggestion that it contradicts Schanuel's conjecture sounds plausible, but I'm worried that proving this properly for arbitrary terms rather than for a particular example might be difficult.
Aug 26, 2022 at 16:38 history edited user44143 CC BY-SA 4.0
removed some repetitive text and clarified the version of Schanuel’s conjecture being used
Aug 26, 2022 at 16:05 history edited user44143 CC BY-SA 4.0
made the logic more explicit and restated one algebraic relationship
Aug 26, 2022 at 14:01 history answered user44143 CC BY-SA 4.0