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Aug 10, 2022 at 22:15 comment added Zhi-Wei Sun Note that the two congruences stated above already have the modulus $p^2$.
Aug 10, 2022 at 4:53 vote accept matt stokes
Aug 10, 2022 at 3:45 comment added David E Speyer Note that a prime such that $\tfrac{2^{p-1}-1}{p} \equiv 0 \bmod p$ is called a Wieferich prime en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wieferich_prime . Only two such are known, 1093 and 3511, and there are very few results about them.
Aug 10, 2022 at 1:38 comment added Zhi-Wei Sun The result indicates that it is natural to let $k$ start from $0$ rather than from $1$. Please note the infinite series for $\pi/2$.
Aug 10, 2022 at 1:00 comment added Zhi-Wei Sun Of course, $$\sum_{k=1}^{(p-3)/2}\frac{\binom{2k}k}{(2k+1)4^k}=\sum_{k=0}^{(p-3)/2}\frac{\binom{2k}k}{(2k+1)4^k}-1.$$
Aug 9, 2022 at 22:22 history answered Zhi-Wei Sun CC BY-SA 4.0