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Feb 25, 2022 at 18:14 comment added Salvatore Siciliano OK LSpice, thank you.
Feb 25, 2022 at 15:54 comment added LSpice TeX note: $\operatorname{ad} x$ \operatorname{ad} x spaces better than $\mathrm{ad} x$ \mathrm{ad} x. I have edited accordingly.
Feb 25, 2022 at 15:53 history edited LSpice CC BY-SA 4.0
`\operatorname` and article link
Feb 24, 2022 at 13:06 comment added D. Dona @YCor Yes, I see. That's why I kind of want to hold off on making this the accepted answer (no offence to Salvatore). It's being helpful nonetheless, and it's a connection to the classification problem that I did not expect, not being familiar with the area myself.
Feb 23, 2022 at 16:35 comment added YCor @D.Dona but this doesn't answer the question in, say, the complex case, which remains the "main" case of the first question.
Feb 23, 2022 at 11:46 comment added Salvatore Siciliano @D. Dona: I would expect that there exist also examples with $x$ and $y$ non-proportional.
Feb 23, 2022 at 11:41 comment added Salvatore Siciliano @YCor: Sure, I agree: thanks for the remark.
Feb 23, 2022 at 8:59 comment added D. Dona Huh, so it is indeed possible, thanks! I'll go through the related literature, whose existence I ignored. About my second question, it is natural for me to ask then: is this the only case in which it happens, or are there examples when $x\neq y$ (or rather $x\notin Ky$)?
Feb 22, 2022 at 23:21 comment added YCor Just for completeness: in char. zero the result of non-existence of sandwich element follows from the Jacobson-Morozov theorem (which ensures that in a semisimple Lie algebra for every $x$ such that $\mathrm{ad}(x)$ is nilpotent and nonzero, there exists $y$ such that $[x,[x,y]]=x$, so that $\mathrm{ad}(x)^2$ is nonzero as well).
Feb 22, 2022 at 14:58 history edited YCor CC BY-SA 4.0
fixed italics instead of crooked math mode
Feb 22, 2022 at 12:54 history answered Salvatore Siciliano CC BY-SA 4.0