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Dec 12, 2021 at 11:16 vote accept J. Swail
Dec 11, 2021 at 18:44 comment added Alexandre Eremenko @J. Swail: not much more: it only means that $g$ is pure imaginary on the real line. It restricts $g$ but not too much. The most important restriction on $g$ comes from the condition that poles of $e^g$ are among zeros of $f$. For example, if you know that all zeros of $f$ are real, and $g$ is pure imaginary then $g$ must be linear.
Dec 11, 2021 at 18:22 comment added J. Swail Great, thanks a lot for the answer! I have a short follow-up question and was wondering if you have a quick answer to it: Suppose we further want that the modulus of $f$ and $h$ agree on the real line, i.e. $|f(x)| = |h(x)|$ for all real $x$. Does this assumption restrict $g$ even more (without making a prior holomorphy assumption on $g$)
Dec 11, 2021 at 16:34 history edited Alexandre Eremenko CC BY-SA 4.0
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Dec 11, 2021 at 16:26 history edited Alexandre Eremenko CC BY-SA 4.0
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Dec 11, 2021 at 16:15 history answered Alexandre Eremenko CC BY-SA 4.0