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Iosif Pinelis
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This is not true. Indeed, suppose that $X_k=X_{s;k}=k+sZ_k$, where $s\downarrow0$ and the $Z_k$'s are any iid random variables r(r.v.'s).

To obtain a contradiction, suppose that, for the random Borel measure $\mu_s$ over $\mathbb R$ defined by $\mu_s(B):=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z}1(X_{s;k}\in B)$, the distribution of the random variable (r.v.) $\mu_s(B)$ is Poisson with parameter $\lambda(s)|B|$ for some $\lambda(s)>0$ and all Borel $B$, where $|B|$ is the Lebesgue measure of $B$.

Note that \begin{equation} \mu_s((-1/2,1/2))\to1 \tag{1} \end{equation} in probability (see details on (1) below). Therefore and because the r.v. $\mu_s((-1/2,1/2))$ has the Poisson distribution with parameter $\lambda(s)$, necessarily $\lambda(s)\to0$ and hence $\mu_s((-1/2,3/2))\to1$ in probability. However, similarly to (1) we have $\mu_s((-1/2,3/2))\to2$ in probability, a contradiction.

So, the random measure $\mu_s$ cannot be Poisson for all $s>0$.


Proof of (1): Note that $\mu_s(B)=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z}1(Z_k\in\frac{B-k}s)$ and hence \begin{equation} 1-\mu_s((-1/2,1/2))=s_1-s_2, \end{equation} where \begin{equation} s_1:=1-1\Big(Z_0\in\Big(\frac{-1/2}s,\frac{1/2}s\Big)\Big), \end{equation} and \begin{equation} s_2:=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z\setminus\{0\}}1\Big(Z_k\in\Big(\frac{-1/2-k}s,\frac{1/2-k}s\Big)\Big). \end{equation}
Next, \begin{equation} Es_1=1-P\Big(Z_0\in\Big(\frac{-1/2}s,\frac{1/2}s\Big)\Big)\to0 \end{equation} and \begin{equation} Es_2=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z\setminus\{0\}}P\Big(Z_0\in\Big(\frac{-1/2-k}s,\frac{1/2-k}s\Big)\Big)\le Es_1. \end{equation} SoTherefore and because $s_1,s_2\ge0$, we have
\begin{equation} E|\mu_s((-1/2,1/2))-1|\le Es_1+Es_2\to0. \end{equation} So, by Markov's inequality, (1) follows.

This is not true. Indeed, suppose that $X_k=X_{s;k}=k+sZ_k$, where $s\downarrow0$ and the $Z_k$'s are any iid random variables r.v.'s.

To obtain a contradiction, suppose that, for the random Borel measure $\mu_s$ over $\mathbb R$ defined by $\mu_s(B):=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z}1(X_{s;k}\in B)$, the distribution of the random variable (r.v.) $\mu_s(B)$ is Poisson with parameter $\lambda(s)|B|$ for some $\lambda(s)>0$ and all Borel $B$, where $|B|$ is the Lebesgue measure of $B$.

Note that \begin{equation} \mu_s((-1/2,1/2))\to1 \tag{1} \end{equation} in probability (see details on (1) below). Therefore and because the r.v. $\mu_s((-1/2,1/2))$ has the Poisson distribution with parameter $\lambda(s)$, necessarily $\lambda(s)\to0$ and hence $\mu_s((-1/2,3/2))\to1$ in probability. However, similarly to (1) we have $\mu_s((-1/2,3/2))\to2$ in probability, a contradiction.

So, the random measure $\mu_s$ cannot be Poisson for all $s>0$.


Proof of (1): Note that $\mu_s(B)=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z}1(Z_k\in\frac{B-k}s)$ and hence \begin{equation} 1-\mu_s((-1/2,1/2))=s_1-s_2, \end{equation} where \begin{equation} s_1:=1-1\Big(Z_0\in\Big(\frac{-1/2}s,\frac{1/2}s\Big)\Big), \end{equation} and \begin{equation} s_2:=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z\setminus\{0\}}1\Big(Z_k\in\Big(\frac{-1/2-k}s,\frac{1/2-k}s\Big)\Big). \end{equation}
Next, \begin{equation} Es_1=1-P\Big(Z_0\in\Big(\frac{-1/2}s,\frac{1/2}s\Big)\Big)\to0 \end{equation} and \begin{equation} Es_2=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z\setminus\{0\}}P\Big(Z_0\in\Big(\frac{-1/2-k}s,\frac{1/2-k}s\Big)\Big)\le Es_1. \end{equation} So, \begin{equation} E|\mu_s((-1/2,1/2))-1|\le Es_1+Es_2\to0. \end{equation} So, by Markov's inequality, (1) follows.

This is not true. Indeed, suppose that $X_k=X_{s;k}=k+sZ_k$, where $s\downarrow0$ and the $Z_k$'s are any iid random variables (r.v.'s).

To obtain a contradiction, suppose that, for the random Borel measure $\mu_s$ over $\mathbb R$ defined by $\mu_s(B):=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z}1(X_{s;k}\in B)$, the distribution of the random variable (r.v.) $\mu_s(B)$ is Poisson with parameter $\lambda(s)|B|$ for some $\lambda(s)>0$ and all Borel $B$, where $|B|$ is the Lebesgue measure of $B$.

Note that \begin{equation} \mu_s((-1/2,1/2))\to1 \tag{1} \end{equation} in probability (see details on (1) below). Therefore and because the r.v. $\mu_s((-1/2,1/2))$ has the Poisson distribution with parameter $\lambda(s)$, necessarily $\lambda(s)\to0$ and hence $\mu_s((-1/2,3/2))\to1$ in probability. However, similarly to (1) we have $\mu_s((-1/2,3/2))\to2$ in probability, a contradiction.

So, the random measure $\mu_s$ cannot be Poisson for all $s>0$.


Proof of (1): Note that $\mu_s(B)=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z}1(Z_k\in\frac{B-k}s)$ and hence \begin{equation} 1-\mu_s((-1/2,1/2))=s_1-s_2, \end{equation} where \begin{equation} s_1:=1-1\Big(Z_0\in\Big(\frac{-1/2}s,\frac{1/2}s\Big)\Big), \end{equation} and \begin{equation} s_2:=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z\setminus\{0\}}1\Big(Z_k\in\Big(\frac{-1/2-k}s,\frac{1/2-k}s\Big)\Big). \end{equation}
Next, \begin{equation} Es_1=1-P\Big(Z_0\in\Big(\frac{-1/2}s,\frac{1/2}s\Big)\Big)\to0 \end{equation} and \begin{equation} Es_2=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z\setminus\{0\}}P\Big(Z_0\in\Big(\frac{-1/2-k}s,\frac{1/2-k}s\Big)\Big)\le Es_1. \end{equation} Therefore and because $s_1,s_2\ge0$, we have
\begin{equation} E|\mu_s((-1/2,1/2))-1|\le Es_1+Es_2\to0. \end{equation} So, by Markov's inequality, (1) follows.

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Iosif Pinelis
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This is not true. Indeed, suppose that $X_k=X_{s;k}=k+sZ_k$, where $s\downarrow0$ and the $Z_k$'s are any iid random variables r.v.'s.

To obtain a contradiction, suppose that, for the random Borel measure $\mu_s$ over $\mathbb R$ defined by $\mu_s(B):=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z}1(X_{s;k}\in B)$, the distribution of the random variable (r.v.) $\mu_s(B)$ is Poisson with parameter $\lambda(s)|B|$ for some $\lambda(s)>0$ and all Borel $B$, where $|B|$ is the Lebesgue measure of $B$.

Note that \begin{equation} \mu_s((-1/2,1/2))\to1 \tag{1} \end{equation} in probability (see details on (1) below). Therefore and because the r.v. $\mu_s((-1/2,1/2))$ has the Poisson distribution with parameter $\lambda(s)$, necessarily $\lambda(s)\to0$ and hence $\mu_s((-1/2,3/2))\to1$ in probability. However, similarly to (1) we have $\mu_s((-1/2,3/2))\to2$ in probability, a contradiction.

So, the random measure $\mu_s$ cannot be Poisson for all $s>0$.


Proof of (1): Note that $\mu_s(B)=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z}1(Z_k\in\frac{B-k}s)$ and hence \begin{equation} E|\mu_s((-1/2,1/2))-1|\le s_1+s_2, \end{equation}\begin{equation} 1-\mu_s((-1/2,1/2))=s_1-s_2, \end{equation} where \begin{equation} s_1:=1-P\Big(Z_1\in\Big(\frac{-1/2}s,\frac{1/2}s\Big)\Big)\to0 \end{equation}\begin{equation} s_1:=1-1\Big(Z_0\in\Big(\frac{-1/2}s,\frac{1/2}s\Big)\Big), \end{equation} and \begin{equation} s_2:=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z\setminus\{0\}}1\Big(Z_k\in\Big(\frac{-1/2-k}s,\frac{1/2-k}s\Big)\Big). \end{equation}
\begin{equation} s_2:=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z\setminus\{0\}}P\Big(Z_1\in\Big(\frac{-1/2-k}s,\frac{1/2-k}s\Big)\Big)\le s_1\to0. \end{equation}Next, \begin{equation} Es_1=1-P\Big(Z_0\in\Big(\frac{-1/2}s,\frac{1/2}s\Big)\Big)\to0 \end{equation} and \begin{equation} Es_2=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z\setminus\{0\}}P\Big(Z_0\in\Big(\frac{-1/2-k}s,\frac{1/2-k}s\Big)\Big)\le Es_1. \end{equation} So, \begin{equation} E|\mu_s((-1/2,1/2))-1|\le Es_1+Es_2\to0. \end{equation} So, by Markov's inequality, (1) follows.

This is not true. Indeed, suppose that $X_k=X_{s;k}=k+sZ_k$, where $s\downarrow0$ and the $Z_k$'s are any iid random variables r.v.'s.

To obtain a contradiction, suppose that, for the random Borel measure $\mu_s$ over $\mathbb R$ defined by $\mu_s(B):=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z}1(X_{s;k}\in B)$, the distribution of the random variable (r.v.) $\mu_s(B)$ is Poisson with parameter $\lambda(s)|B|$ for some $\lambda(s)>0$ and all Borel $B$, where $|B|$ is the Lebesgue measure of $B$.

Note that \begin{equation} \mu_s((-1/2,1/2))\to1 \tag{1} \end{equation} in probability (see details on (1) below). Therefore and because the r.v. $\mu_s((-1/2,1/2))$ has the Poisson distribution with parameter $\lambda(s)$, necessarily $\lambda(s)\to0$ and hence $\mu_s((-1/2,3/2))\to1$ in probability. However, similarly to (1) we have $\mu_s((-1/2,3/2))\to2$ in probability, a contradiction.

So, the random measure $\mu_s$ cannot be Poisson for all $s>0$.


Proof of (1): Note that $\mu_s(B)=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z}1(Z_k\in\frac{B-k}s)$ and hence \begin{equation} E|\mu_s((-1/2,1/2))-1|\le s_1+s_2, \end{equation} where \begin{equation} s_1:=1-P\Big(Z_1\in\Big(\frac{-1/2}s,\frac{1/2}s\Big)\Big)\to0 \end{equation} and
\begin{equation} s_2:=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z\setminus\{0\}}P\Big(Z_1\in\Big(\frac{-1/2-k}s,\frac{1/2-k}s\Big)\Big)\le s_1\to0. \end{equation} So, by Markov's inequality, (1) follows.

This is not true. Indeed, suppose that $X_k=X_{s;k}=k+sZ_k$, where $s\downarrow0$ and the $Z_k$'s are any iid random variables r.v.'s.

To obtain a contradiction, suppose that, for the random Borel measure $\mu_s$ over $\mathbb R$ defined by $\mu_s(B):=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z}1(X_{s;k}\in B)$, the distribution of the random variable (r.v.) $\mu_s(B)$ is Poisson with parameter $\lambda(s)|B|$ for some $\lambda(s)>0$ and all Borel $B$, where $|B|$ is the Lebesgue measure of $B$.

Note that \begin{equation} \mu_s((-1/2,1/2))\to1 \tag{1} \end{equation} in probability (see details on (1) below). Therefore and because the r.v. $\mu_s((-1/2,1/2))$ has the Poisson distribution with parameter $\lambda(s)$, necessarily $\lambda(s)\to0$ and hence $\mu_s((-1/2,3/2))\to1$ in probability. However, similarly to (1) we have $\mu_s((-1/2,3/2))\to2$ in probability, a contradiction.

So, the random measure $\mu_s$ cannot be Poisson for all $s>0$.


Proof of (1): Note that $\mu_s(B)=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z}1(Z_k\in\frac{B-k}s)$ and hence \begin{equation} 1-\mu_s((-1/2,1/2))=s_1-s_2, \end{equation} where \begin{equation} s_1:=1-1\Big(Z_0\in\Big(\frac{-1/2}s,\frac{1/2}s\Big)\Big), \end{equation} and \begin{equation} s_2:=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z\setminus\{0\}}1\Big(Z_k\in\Big(\frac{-1/2-k}s,\frac{1/2-k}s\Big)\Big). \end{equation}
Next, \begin{equation} Es_1=1-P\Big(Z_0\in\Big(\frac{-1/2}s,\frac{1/2}s\Big)\Big)\to0 \end{equation} and \begin{equation} Es_2=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z\setminus\{0\}}P\Big(Z_0\in\Big(\frac{-1/2-k}s,\frac{1/2-k}s\Big)\Big)\le Es_1. \end{equation} So, \begin{equation} E|\mu_s((-1/2,1/2))-1|\le Es_1+Es_2\to0. \end{equation} So, by Markov's inequality, (1) follows.

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Iosif Pinelis
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This cannot beis not true in general. E.g. Indeed, suppose that $X_k=X_{s;k}\sim N(k,s^2)$$X_k=X_{s;k}=k+sZ_k$, withwhere $s\downarrow0$ and the $Z_k$'s are any iid random variables r. Supposev.'s.

To obtain a contradiction, suppose that, for the random Borel measure $\mu_s$ over $\mathbb R$ defined by $\mu_s(B):=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z}1(X_{s;k}\in B)$, the distribution of the random variable (r.v.) $\mu_s(B)$ is Poisson with parameter $\lambda(s)|B|$ for some $\lambda(s)>0$ and all Borel $B$, where $|B|$ is the Lebesgue measure of $B$.

Note that $\mu_s((-1/2,1/2))\to1$ in \begin{equation} \mu_s((-1/2,1/2))\to1 \tag{1} \end{equation} in probability (see details on (1) below). SoTherefore and because the r.v. $\mu_s((-1/2,1/2))$ has the Poisson distribution with parameter $\lambda(s)$, necessarily necessarily $\lambda(s)\to0$ and hence $\mu_s((-1/2,3/2))\to1$ in probability. However, in fact similarly to (1) we have $\mu_s((-1/2,3/2))\to2$ in probability, a contradiction.

So, the random measure $\mu_s$ cannot be Poisson for all $s>0$.


Proof of (1): Note that $\mu_s(B)=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z}1(Z_k\in\frac{B-k}s)$ and hence \begin{equation} E|\mu_s((-1/2,1/2))-1|\le s_1+s_2, \end{equation} where \begin{equation} s_1:=1-P\Big(Z_1\in\Big(\frac{-1/2}s,\frac{1/2}s\Big)\Big)\to0 \end{equation} and
\begin{equation} s_2:=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z\setminus\{0\}}P\Big(Z_1\in\Big(\frac{-1/2-k}s,\frac{1/2-k}s\Big)\Big)\le s_1\to0. \end{equation} So, by Markov's inequality, (1) follows.

This cannot be true in general. E.g., suppose that $X_k=X_{s;k}\sim N(k,s^2)$, with $s\downarrow0$. Suppose that, for the random Borel measure $\mu_s$ over $\mathbb R$ defined by $\mu_s(B):=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z}1(X_{s;k}\in B)$, the distribution of the random variable (r.v.) $\mu_s(B)$ is Poisson with parameter $\lambda(s)|B|$ for some $\lambda(s)>0$ and all Borel $B$, where $|B|$ is the Lebesgue measure of $B$.

Note that $\mu_s((-1/2,1/2))\to1$ in probability. So, necessarily $\lambda(s)\to0$ and hence $\mu_s((-1/2,3/2))\to1$ in probability. However, in fact $\mu_s((-1/2,3/2))\to2$ in probability, a contradiction.

So, the random measure $\mu_s$ cannot be Poisson for all $s>0$.

This is not true. Indeed, suppose that $X_k=X_{s;k}=k+sZ_k$, where $s\downarrow0$ and the $Z_k$'s are any iid random variables r.v.'s.

To obtain a contradiction, suppose that, for the random Borel measure $\mu_s$ over $\mathbb R$ defined by $\mu_s(B):=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z}1(X_{s;k}\in B)$, the distribution of the random variable (r.v.) $\mu_s(B)$ is Poisson with parameter $\lambda(s)|B|$ for some $\lambda(s)>0$ and all Borel $B$, where $|B|$ is the Lebesgue measure of $B$.

Note that \begin{equation} \mu_s((-1/2,1/2))\to1 \tag{1} \end{equation} in probability (see details on (1) below). Therefore and because the r.v. $\mu_s((-1/2,1/2))$ has the Poisson distribution with parameter $\lambda(s)$, necessarily $\lambda(s)\to0$ and hence $\mu_s((-1/2,3/2))\to1$ in probability. However, similarly to (1) we have $\mu_s((-1/2,3/2))\to2$ in probability, a contradiction.

So, the random measure $\mu_s$ cannot be Poisson for all $s>0$.


Proof of (1): Note that $\mu_s(B)=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z}1(Z_k\in\frac{B-k}s)$ and hence \begin{equation} E|\mu_s((-1/2,1/2))-1|\le s_1+s_2, \end{equation} where \begin{equation} s_1:=1-P\Big(Z_1\in\Big(\frac{-1/2}s,\frac{1/2}s\Big)\Big)\to0 \end{equation} and
\begin{equation} s_2:=\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z\setminus\{0\}}P\Big(Z_1\in\Big(\frac{-1/2-k}s,\frac{1/2-k}s\Big)\Big)\le s_1\to0. \end{equation} So, by Markov's inequality, (1) follows.

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Iosif Pinelis
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Iosif Pinelis
  • 127.7k
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  • 107
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