In thisthe recent paper Juhász, Soukup, and Szentmiklóssy - Spaces of small cellularity have nowhere constant continuous images of small weight, a continuous function with your required property is called pseudo-open. It makes sense, I think, because the property is equivalent to the fact that $f^{-1}(A)$ is an open, dense set whenever $A$ is open and dense.
Notice, however, that in the paper both the domain and the codomain are assumed to be Hausdorff and without isolated points.