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Oct 20, 2021 at 14:22 history bounty ended user142929
Sep 14, 2021 at 13:26 vote accept user142929
Sep 1, 2021 at 12:17 comment added Wojowu The fraction $R_d(x)/R(x)$ should oscillate, with minima near $d10^t$ and maximal near $(d+1)10^t$. I suspect density might exist and satisfy Benford's law in logarithmic density sense.
Sep 1, 2021 at 8:02 comment added user142929 Many thanks for your answer, and your attention and the attention of yours colleagues (professors) of this post and my recently deleted post about mathematicians (now I was disconnected). I need some days to read and understand the comment thread of this post and your excellent answer.
Sep 1, 2021 at 2:25 history edited JoshuaZ CC BY-SA 4.0
added 152 characters in body
Sep 1, 2021 at 2:24 comment added JoshuaZ @WillSawin You are absolutely correct. I convinced myself when I made that satisfying Benford's law implied that one was growing no more than $x^\alpha$ for any $\alpha$. I did not have a set in mind that satisfied it. You are correct to point out that the much stronger statement about what the set needs to satisfy is in fact true.
Sep 1, 2021 at 2:15 comment added Will Sawin I don't understand the last comment. Let $S$ be a set of integers and let $f(n)$ be the number of such integers less than $n$. Then if $S$ satisfies Benford's law, we have $f( (k+1) \cdot 10^n)= (1+o(1)) f( k \cdot 10^n)$ for any $1 \leq k \leq 9$, since otherwise the frequency of numbers with leading digit $k$ would be different at the two points. Combining this for $k$ from $1$ to $n$, we get $f( 10^{n+1}) = (1+o (1)) f(10^n)$, i.e. $f(n)$ grows slower than $n^{\alpha}$ for any $\alpha$. So $\alpha<1$ or the lack of a good asymptotic is not really enough.
Sep 1, 2021 at 0:45 history edited JoshuaZ CC BY-SA 4.0
Comment about what would be needed for a set of satisfy it.
Sep 1, 2021 at 0:39 history answered JoshuaZ CC BY-SA 4.0