Lawvere's paper "Quantifiers and sheaves" (1970 International Congress of Mathematicians at Nice, vol. 1, pp. 329--334) was the first publication of his work with Tierney on elementary topoi. It contains an amazing amount of information in just 6 pages.
More generally, the writings of Bill Lawvere have the highest theorem/sentence ratio I've seen (though LeoniidLeonid Levin comes pretty close).