[Sorry for answering my own question, and the more so because this is happening for the second time in 24 hours.]
The question might be open. In fact, a positive answer would imply an equally positive answer to a question stated in the introduction of Melvin Henriksen's paper
"Rings with a unique regular element", pp. 78-87 in Rings, modules and radicals (Hobart, 1987), Pitman Res. Notes Math. Ser., 204, Longman Sci. Tech., Harlow, 1989,
- "Rings with a unique regular element", pp. 78-87 in B.J. Gardner (ed.), Rings, modules and radicals (Proc. Conf., Hobart/Aust. 1987), Pitman Res. Notes Math. Ser. 204, Longman Sci. Tech., Harlow, 1989,
where Henriksen writes:
We do not know if there is a ring with a unique regular ring [sic] that fails to be commutative.
In Henriksen's paper, a ring need not be unital; and a regular element is nothing else than a cancellative element of the multiplicative semigroup of the ring (loc. cit., Definition 2.1).
The question is marked as open by David Feldman in a 2012 post from the "Not especially famous, long-open problems which anyone can understand" big list (see also the comments under the same post), where heFeldman writes:
Must a non-commutative ring (with identity) contain a non-zero-divisor aside from the identity?