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Apr 28, 2021 at 5:32 comment added David Roberts Well-pointedness shouldn't really make a difference. Every topos is internally constructively well-pointed, as proved by Mike Shulman.
Apr 27, 2021 at 22:20 comment added Ingo Blechschmidt There is a very nice concept of 'toposes [with NNO but] without subobject classifiers', namely the arithmetic universes pioneered by Joyal and studied by Maietti, Vickers and recently Alexander Oldenziel. While the initial elementary topos with NNO is a souped-up version of Heyting arithmetic, the initial arithmetic universe is a souped-up version of PRA.
Apr 27, 2021 at 21:10 comment added Andreas Blass I think (but don't guarantee) that coequalizers are OK, because exponentiation lets you code finite sequences and also gives you bounds for the codes of one-to-one sequences with terms below a given number.
Apr 27, 2021 at 21:02 comment added James E Hanson @AndreasBlass I had thought of that, but I was worried about the existence of coequalizers. It's not immediately clear to me that you can form the smallest equivalence relation containing a given relation.
Apr 27, 2021 at 21:00 comment added Andreas Blass I'd expect that the theory of a (non-degenerate) well-pointed topos, without NNO, could be interpreted in theories far weaker than PA. My guess would be $I\Delta_0$ plus existence of exponentials.
Apr 27, 2021 at 20:19 comment added James E Hanson @AlecRhea Thank you very much for the reference. I had wondered about how you would even formalize collection or replacement principles in toposes, but I should say that I am more concerned with going downwards in consistency strength rather than upwards.
Apr 27, 2021 at 20:14 comment added Alec Rhea If you interpret ‘consistency strength of a topos’ as meaning the consistency strength of the axiomatic set theory corresponding to the internal logic of the topos, then Mike Shulman’s paper might interest you; the type of topos corresponding to an internal consistency strength $\geq ZFC$ is called autological.
Apr 27, 2021 at 19:42 history asked James E Hanson CC BY-SA 4.0