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Feb 26, 2021 at 7:14 history edited Federico Poloni CC BY-SA 4.0
made additional conditions clearer to answer the comments
Feb 26, 2021 at 7:05 comment added Federico Poloni @YaakovBaruch I agree; but this can be fixed by agreeing that the second problem is also formulated a double minimization "$\min \|x\|$ such that $x$ minimizes...". Indeed the second problem is not stated formally as well as the first in the original question; just the objective function appears. (That formulation, however, may be considered a bit artificial, because the minimizer of $\|Ax-b\|^2+\lambda \|x\|^2$ is unique unless $\lambda=0$.)
Feb 25, 2021 at 23:57 comment added Yaakov Baruch Beautiful reduction. But I think @HermanJaramillo has a point: you are proving that minimizing the LHS is equivalent to minimizing the RHS. But when $\lambda=0$ the original problem is not simply to minimize the LHS (which may have infinite solutions) but to pick the unique shortest minimizer.
Feb 25, 2021 at 22:29 comment added Federico Poloni $\begin{bmatrix}A \\ \sqrt{\lambda} I\end{bmatrix}$ always has trivial nullspace, because of that identity block.
Feb 25, 2021 at 22:12 comment added Herman Jaramillo When $\lambda=0$ the second does not reduce to the first, if the null space of $A$ is not the trivial. That is, if the columns of $A$ are linearly dependent, the least square problem does not have unique solution and we need to solve, in addition the $\min \| x \|$ problem. I understand your second equation but this does not show that $x \perp \mathcal{N}(A)$ as it should be if we are finding the pseudo-solution.
Feb 25, 2021 at 14:46 history answered Federico Poloni CC BY-SA 4.0