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Feb 12, 2021 at 18:00 comment added David E Speyer I don't really think any of the digressions are useful here. I wanted to be able to assume that the center of the circle was in $R$ so that I could parametrize $\partial R$ in polar coordinates; that didn't turn out to matter. I proved a bound of $2$ that Noam improved to $\pi$; I don't see that argument as helping. I spent some time realizing that there wasn't going to be a useful bound for how long $\partial R$ spends in the arcs outside the circle; that was very helpful in figuring out where to focus but I don't see why to keep it in the final answer.
Feb 12, 2021 at 17:54 comment added Deane Yang @DavidESpeyer, I agree with Noam about the digressions. I include them shamelessly in my answers.
Feb 12, 2021 at 15:38 comment added Noam D. Elkies David: Thanks. Maybe keep the "digressions", which could have independent interest, and end with a pointer to a new (possibly CW) answer.
Feb 12, 2021 at 15:22 comment added Deane Yang Yes. Using Sturm comparison is what I had in mind.
Feb 12, 2021 at 13:37 comment added David E Speyer Very nice! At some point, I'll rewrite my answer to remove the digressions, and then we'll have a complete solution.
Feb 12, 2021 at 5:58 comment added Noam D. Elkies It seems that this result can also be obtained from the Sturm(-Picone) comparison theorem.
Feb 12, 2021 at 5:50 history answered Noam D. Elkies CC BY-SA 4.0