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Dec 28, 2020 at 14:16 comment added Iosif Pinelis @JoeSilverman : Thank you for your comment. This seems to be another way to get the explicit expression for $a_{k,n}$ given in my answer. The main difficulty dealing with that expression (or in any other way with $a_{k,n}$) is that $a_{k,n}$ is oscillatory in real $n>0$.
Dec 27, 2020 at 18:56 vote accept Iosif Pinelis
Dec 27, 2020 at 1:30 comment added Joe Silverman Just a thought, I haven't tried to see if it leads anywhere, but what happens if you write $x^k$ as a linear combination of the Bernoulli polynomials $B_i(x)$ for $0\le i\le k$. The $n$th Fourier coefficient of the $B_i(x)$ is some (positive) multiple of $n^{-i}$.
Dec 26, 2020 at 18:22 answer added fedja timeline score: 8
Dec 26, 2020 at 8:58 comment added fedja Yes, they strictly decrease for every $k>1$ (not necessarily an integer). Now it is a bit too late here for posting but I'll do it in the morning. The trick is an appropriate contour integration, as usual ;-)
Dec 25, 2020 at 20:54 answer added Iosif Pinelis timeline score: 1
Dec 25, 2020 at 15:27 history asked Iosif Pinelis CC BY-SA 4.0