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Jan 8, 2021 at 13:19 comment added Quaere Verum Sorry for the late comment - holiday break. I would just like to remark that the factor of two which I mentioned is actually correct - Atiyah's original publication appears to have had a typo or error in it. I will edit the OP to make this clear.
Dec 16, 2020 at 20:02 comment added Liviu Nicolaescu @QuaereVerum Here is a subtility. On a compact oriented $spin^c$ manifold $M$ the bundle $E=\Lambda^* T^*M\otimes \mathbb{C}$ and be identified with $End(V)$, where $V=V_+\oplus V_-$. As such its admits two $\mathbb{Z}/2$ gradings. With one grading you get the Hodge-deRham operator with index Euler characteristic, and with another you get the signature operator.
Dec 16, 2020 at 19:31 comment added Quaere Verum Ok! All clear then. I have deleted the remarks from my original post, as it seems clear the way it is now.
Dec 16, 2020 at 19:28 comment added Liviu Nicolaescu I had an error. For a complex vector bundle $E$ $ch_2(E)=\frac{1}{2}(c_1^2-2c_2)$ When $E=Ad(P)\otimes \mathbb{C}$ we get $ch_2(E)=-c_2(E)=p_1(Ad(P)$ (the last equality is the definition of $p_1$)
Dec 16, 2020 at 19:28 history edited Liviu Nicolaescu CC BY-SA 4.0
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Dec 16, 2020 at 19:11 comment added Quaere Verum Although you've already helped me more than I could have hoped for, I made an edit to my original post explaining what I am talking about in more detail, because I think I did not make it clear (also the computation in my comment forgot about a factor of $1/2$). If you wouldn't mind, could you explain where the difference in our results comes from? Because your result seems to be off by a sign on the Pontrjagin class, whereas my result is off by a factor of $2$.
Dec 16, 2020 at 17:55 comment added Liviu Nicolaescu You do not need to know what $ch(V_-)$ is. (The computation of $ch(V_-)$ is tricky. The clincher is that $D=d_-+d^*$ and you know what is the index $D$.
Dec 16, 2020 at 17:00 comment added Quaere Verum Final remark incoming. According to what I computed, we get the $\dim G$ term, and $\text{rank}V_-(-2c_2(\text{Ad}(P))=-4c_2(\text{Ad}(P))=p_1(\text{Ad}(P))$, so I am not sure if the mistake is on my end, but I thought I would point out the discrepancy between what I got and what you've posted (namely the sign of the Pontrjagin class and possibly some minor details in the Chern character of the adjoint bundle).
Dec 16, 2020 at 14:43 comment added Liviu Nicolaescu $Ad(P)$ is a real vector bundle $c_1(Ad(P)\otimes \mathbb{C})=0$.
Dec 16, 2020 at 14:38 comment added Quaere Verum Trying to go through your explanation in detail - I have one small question. You immediately write $\text{ch}(\text{Ad}(P))=\dim G+\text{ch}_2(\text{Ad}(P))+\dots$. Is it valid to immediately omit the first Chern character? Since we're taking the product with another term that contains degree $2$ forms, could it not combine with terms there to add a term to the index density? The only candidate for that term would be $\text{ch}(\text{Ad}(P))\text{ch}_1(V_-)$. I guess that this term has to vanish somehow?
Dec 16, 2020 at 14:10 history edited Liviu Nicolaescu CC BY-SA 4.0
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Dec 16, 2020 at 0:59 history edited Liviu Nicolaescu CC BY-SA 4.0
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Dec 15, 2020 at 23:27 vote accept Quaere Verum
Dec 15, 2020 at 22:35 history edited Liviu Nicolaescu CC BY-SA 4.0
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Dec 15, 2020 at 22:29 history answered Liviu Nicolaescu CC BY-SA 4.0