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Oct 8, 2020 at 12:18 comment added Danny Ruberman It's the same argument as in the closed case; you find a relative h-cobordism by surgery theory. Steve Boyer worked out the general theorem for simply connected manifolds in the 1980s. (Simply-connected 4-manifolds with a given boundary. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 298 (1986), no. 1, 331–357.) When the boundary is a homology sphere it's basically the same as the closed case, but it's a fair amount more complicated in general.
Oct 8, 2020 at 5:09 comment added Ian Agol How come a contractible manifold is determined up to homeomorphism by its boundary? I found the existence in Theorem 1.4' of Freedman's paper (that any homology sphere bounds a contractible 4-manifold), but I couldn't find the uniqueness.
Oct 7, 2020 at 22:03 history answered Danny Ruberman CC BY-SA 4.0