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Oct 20, 2020 at 7:17 comment added borntomath Thanks for setting me on the right track! I found chapter 3 of Antonio Cafure, & Eda Cesaratto. (2017). Irreducibility Criteria for Reciprocal Polynomials and Applications. The American Mathematical Monthly, 124(1), 37-53 quite helpful. The functions $f_k$ there are more or less Chebyshev polynomials.
Sep 16, 2020 at 0:01 comment added Gerry Myerson $g$ is just the minimal polynomial for $2\cos(2\pi/n)$, no?
Sep 15, 2020 at 17:10 review Close votes
Oct 1, 2020 at 3:08
Sep 15, 2020 at 16:55 comment added François Brunault @JoeSilverman Right, let me try again: starting from the polynomial $x^{2n}+1$, you get essentially the Chebyshev polynomials. Now you can write $x^{2n}+1$ as a product of cyclotomic polynomials, and try to apply Möbius inversion.
Sep 15, 2020 at 16:54 comment added Joe Silverman @FrançoisBrunault I think that would be correct if $f(x)$ were $x^n-1$, but in this case $f(x)$ is the cyclotomic polynomial $\prod_{d\mid n}(x^d-1)^{\mu(n/d)}$. So as you say, the answer is closely related to the Chebyshev polynomials (maybe a product of them), but they're not equal to the Chebyshev polynomials.
Sep 15, 2020 at 14:56 history asked borntomath CC BY-SA 4.0