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Sep 4, 2020 at 9:00 comment added D.-C. Cisinski @PhilTosteson You are right. The localization of E at cocartesian morphism is literally the 2-colimit (i.e. the colimit in the $\infty$-category obtained by inverting equivalences of categories in the $1$-category of small categories). This does not coincide with the colimit (in the $1$-category of small categories) in general. Rune's answer together with Zhen Lin's show that the comparison map from the $2$-colimit to the $1$-colimit, although not an equivalence, is colimit-final. I also thought that the question was about $1$-colimits though.
Sep 4, 2020 at 6:04 comment added Phil Tosteson @DenisNardin Indeed, that's why I chose this example-- since the homotopy quotient disagrees with the ordinary one. I thought that the question and this answer were meant to be specifically 1 categorical
Sep 4, 2020 at 5:15 comment added Denis Nardin @PhilTosteson The colimit of the constant diagram in the $\infty$-category of $\infty$-categories is $BG$, not the point. This is just another way in which colimits are better behaved in $\infty$-categories :).
Sep 4, 2020 at 1:01 comment added Phil Tosteson I may be misinterpreting your statement/making a mistake, but I don't think that $I$ is always the localization of $E$. For instance consider the case where $J$ is a one object groupoid $BG$ and $J \to Cat$ is the constant diagram with value the trivial category. Then the colimit is the trivial category, but $E$ is $BG$, and all localizations of $E$ are isomorphic to $E$.
Sep 3, 2020 at 23:27 vote accept Tim Campion
Sep 3, 2020 at 23:26 comment added Tim Campion I wonder if the proofs in HTT of the relevant statements actually depend on the more technical statement of 4.2.3.10. It would be nice if they didnt'!
Sep 3, 2020 at 23:22 comment added Tim Campion Nice! Thanks, Rune. I'll probably accept this one -- though I also like Dylan's presentation of essentially the same argument in his answer below. And of course, it would be nice to work out an analog of Zhen Lin's argument in a higher setting -- those types of arguments in terms of homsets tend to generalize more easily to the enriched setting.
Sep 3, 2020 at 23:11 history answered Rune Haugseng CC BY-SA 4.0