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Iosif Pinelis
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Of course, without assumptions on the behavior of the eigenvectors, your desired conclusion will not hold. E.g., for $t:=\lambda$, let $$A(t):=\left( \begin{array}{cc} \cos t+3 & \sin t \\ \sin t & 3-\cos t \\ \end{array} \right),\quad L:=\left( \begin{array}{c} 1 \\ 0 \\ \end{array} \right).$$$$A(t):=\left( \begin{array}{cc} 2+\cos t & \sin t \\ \sin t & 2-\cos t \\ \end{array} \right),\quad L:=\left( \begin{array}{c} 1 \\ 0 \\ \end{array} \right).$$ The eigenvalues of $A(t)$ are $4$$3$ and $2$$1$ for all $t$, whereas $$AL=\left( \begin{array}{c} \cos t+3 \\ \sin t \\ \end{array} \right),$$$$AL=\left( \begin{array}{c} 2+\cos t \\ \sin t \\ \end{array} \right),$$ and $\sin t$ cannot be represented as $at+b+c/t+d/t^2+\cdots$ for any constants $a,b,c,d,\dots$.

Of course, without assumptions on the behavior of the eigenvectors, your desired conclusion will not hold. E.g., for $t:=\lambda$, let $$A(t):=\left( \begin{array}{cc} \cos t+3 & \sin t \\ \sin t & 3-\cos t \\ \end{array} \right),\quad L:=\left( \begin{array}{c} 1 \\ 0 \\ \end{array} \right).$$ The eigenvalues of $A(t)$ are $4$ and $2$ for all $t$, whereas $$AL=\left( \begin{array}{c} \cos t+3 \\ \sin t \\ \end{array} \right),$$ and $\sin t$ cannot be represented as $at+b+c/t+d/t^2+\cdots$ for any constants $a,b,c,d,\dots$.

Of course, without assumptions on the behavior of the eigenvectors, your desired conclusion will not hold. E.g., for $t:=\lambda$, let $$A(t):=\left( \begin{array}{cc} 2+\cos t & \sin t \\ \sin t & 2-\cos t \\ \end{array} \right),\quad L:=\left( \begin{array}{c} 1 \\ 0 \\ \end{array} \right).$$ The eigenvalues of $A(t)$ are $3$ and $1$ for all $t$, whereas $$AL=\left( \begin{array}{c} 2+\cos t \\ \sin t \\ \end{array} \right),$$ and $\sin t$ cannot be represented as $at+b+c/t+d/t^2+\cdots$ for any constants $a,b,c,d,\dots$.

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Iosif Pinelis
  • 127.7k
  • 8
  • 107
  • 229

Of course, without assumptions on the behavior of the eigenvectors, your desired conclusion will not hold. E.g., for $t:=\lambda$, let $$A(t):=\left( \begin{array}{cc} \cos t+3 & \sin t \\ \sin t & 3-\cos t \\ \end{array} \right),\quad L:=\left( \begin{array}{c} 1 \\ 0 \\ \end{array} \right).$$ The eigenvalues of $A(t)$ are $4$ and $2$ for all $t$, whereas $$AL=\left( \begin{array}{c} \cos t+3 \\ \sin t \\ \end{array} \right),$$ and $\sin t$ cannot be represented as $at+b+c/t+d/t^2+\cdots$ for any constants $a,b,c,d,\dots$.