Arun Debray has written up (mostly complete) lecture notes for a course on algebraic geometry taught by Sam Raskin which takes a completely functorial perspective, and doesn't take the perspective that $\mathrm{Spec}(R)$ is a topological space.
https://web.ma.utexas.edu/users/a.debray/lecture_notes/m392c_Raskin_AG_notes.pdfhttps://www.math.purdue.edu/~adebray/lecture_notes/m392c_Raskin_AG_notes.pdf
