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May 3, 2020 at 19:52 comment added Fedor Pakhomov I think that my argument about non-existence of the greatest element could be adopted to this case with almost no changes. We just need to note that the interpretability relation $\psi^{\star}\triangleright \varphi_0$ is $\Sigma_1$. Although I don't know enough about the lattice of interpretability degrees of arbitrary sentences to say whether it would be enough to figure out the answer to your question.
May 3, 2020 at 19:29 comment added Noah Schweber (I can get $\Pi^0_2$-hardness of essential incompleteness assuming this question has an affirmative answer - basically attach finite pieces of $\mathbb{N}$ to "stages," where the pieces grow each time we see another piece of evidence for the $\Pi^0_2$ property - but I haven't convinced myself that the answer given there is correct yet.)
May 3, 2020 at 19:26 comment added Noah Schweber A potentially-interesting followup question: what if we look at the ordering of essentially incomplete sentences (possibly not true of $\mathbb{N}$) ordered by interpretability? Given any $\varphi$ the set of e.i.-sentences interpreting $\varphi$ is d.c.e. (interpreting $\varphi$ is c.e. and consistency is co-c.e.) while a priori essential incompleteness looks $\Pi^0_3$, so there should be no minimal element in this order either. But now d.c.e. seems a bit too big to get this kind of argument to work.
May 3, 2020 at 19:23 comment added Noah Schweber Yes, I think that's right. (Certainly we can't go much higher and get a naive index set argument: $Th_\Gamma(\mathbb{N})$ quickly becomes too complicated as $\Gamma$ gets bigger.)
May 3, 2020 at 19:21 comment added Fedor Pakhomov I think that something like $\Pi_1^{-}$ is essential for this kind of argument.
May 3, 2020 at 19:10 history bounty ended Noah Schweber
May 3, 2020 at 19:10 comment added Noah Schweber Lovely! My original attempt to show that $\mathfrak{Q}$ had no greatest element was along these lines but not focusing on as small a syntactic class as $\Pi^-_1$, which made coding the necessary complexity into the sentence no longer easy (or doable for me).
May 3, 2020 at 19:07 vote accept Noah Schweber
May 3, 2020 at 18:58 history answered Fedor Pakhomov CC BY-SA 4.0