This is almost never true in general, although it's obviously true for boundary connected sums. For example, it is usually the case that Weinstein handle attachment will kill (non-trivial) invertible elements in $\mathit{SH}^0(T^\ast L)$, so the corresponding Viterbo restriction map can never be surjective. The counterexample proposed by Mohammed belongs to such a case. More generally, I think $L$ should never be a torus, because otherwise there are a lot of non-trivial units in $\mathit{SH}^0(T^\ast T^n)$ to be killed by attaching handles.
This would force you to look at Weinstein manifolds $M$ which do not contain exact Lagrangian tori, which is the case, for example, when $M$ admits a dilation in the sense of Seidel-Solomon. More generally, one could consider smooth affine varieties $M$ with log Kodaira dimension $-\infty$, which should be manifolds whose first Gutt-Hutchings capacities are finite. For Milnor fibers, this means that the configuration of vanishing cycles is very "sparse", in other words, it's "close" to a boundary connected sum of $D^\ast S^n$'s.
For the case of 4-dimensional $A_m$ Milnor fibers, explicit calculations of Hochschild cohomologies imply that
$\mathit{SH}^0(M)\cong\mathbb{K}[x]/(x^{m+1}),$
so it really makes sense to expect that the Viterbo restriction map is actually surjective. Similar computations can be done in the $D_m$ and $E_m$ case under the assumption that $\mathrm{char}(\mathbb{K})=0$.
Also a simple observation is that $1\pm x\in\mathit{SH}^0(M)^\times$ doesn't get killed under obvious handle attachments in these examples, so I think probably what you should look at is under which circumstances non-trivial units in $\mathit{SH}^0(M)$ are preserved under handle attachments. Unfortunately the description of the product structure on $\mathit{SH}^\ast(M)$ under Legendrian surgery is quite involved, so it's difficult to extract a simple and explicit condition. I'll update this answer once I have any new ideas.