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Timeline for Nontrivial expansion in sumsets

Current License: CC BY-SA 4.0

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Nov 28, 2019 at 4:23 comment added Ryan Alweiss I just chose it because it is a function that grows to infinity very slowly, so that $|A|=o(p)$ but $A$ would still be pretty large.
Nov 26, 2019 at 9:25 comment added Gerry Myerson In case anyone else is curious, it's "the number of times the logarithm function must be iteratively applied before the result is less than or equal to $1$."
Nov 26, 2019 at 5:00 history edited Sam Zbarsky CC BY-SA 4.0
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Nov 26, 2019 at 4:49 comment added Sam Zbarsky @GerryMyerson en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterated_logarithm
Nov 26, 2019 at 2:39 comment added Gerry Myerson What is meant by $\log^*p$, please?
Nov 26, 2019 at 0:14 comment added Sam Zbarsky @SandeepSilwal divide the interval $[p^{2/3},p/(3\log^*p)]$ into intervals of the form $[a,a+\lfloor p/(2a)\rfloor]$, with about $\log^*p$ numbers left over. The elements of each interval are sent to a sequence whose successive differences are $(2+o(1))a$ and which has $\lfloor p/(2a)\rfloor+1$ elements. Thus at least $\frac{p}{4a\sqrt{\log^*p}}$ of them lie in the interval $[1,p/\sqrt{\log^* p}]$, which makes a fraction of $\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\log^*p}}$. Summing over all such intervals, we get the desired result (and the constant 10 has a safety margin).
Nov 25, 2019 at 22:46 comment added Sandeep Silwal Sorry, can you elaborate a bit more on why $|A| \ge p/10\log^*p$?
Nov 25, 2019 at 22:00 history answered Sam Zbarsky CC BY-SA 4.0