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Oct 20, 2019 at 18:12 comment added Gerson J Ferreira Thanks! Indeed my conditions for A and B is not sufficient. I could rephrase the question to ask what are the conditions on A and B (beyond those already stated) that constrains S to have only non-real eigenvalues? But this seems difficult to answer. We'll try to work around this issue. Thanks again!
Oct 19, 2019 at 8:51 comment added Carlo Beenakker @GersonJFerreira --- I have added a counterexample that meets the two criteria you added ($A$, $B$ noncommuting and not block diagonal).
Oct 19, 2019 at 8:50 history edited Carlo Beenakker CC BY-SA 4.0
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Oct 18, 2019 at 21:48 comment added Gerson J Ferreira @FabianWirth, I agree. I've edited the question to improve the distinction between A and B. Let's consider then irreducible. In the block diagonal form is always possible to find a counter example.
Oct 18, 2019 at 20:09 comment added Fabian Wirth This would not change the problem significantly. You can take Carlo's example as the first block of a block-diagonal example and add second diagonal blocks so that the overall matrices do not commute. The eigenvalues of the example here would still show up.
Oct 18, 2019 at 19:47 comment added Gerson J Ferreira Thanks! In this case [A,B] = 0, I'll have to add this constraint... A and B cannot commute.
Oct 18, 2019 at 18:41 history answered Carlo Beenakker CC BY-SA 4.0