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Sep 25, 2019 at 23:41 comment added Arnaldo Mandel Thank you, the reference has it!
Sep 25, 2019 at 19:45 comment added Emil Jeřábek Yes, there are fairly simple algorithms. I suggest you study Lecture VII (Sturm theory) in Chee K. Yap, Fundamental problems in algorithmic algebra.
Sep 25, 2019 at 18:51 comment added Benoît Kloeckner @GreginGre: I do not get your comment. Certainly when $r$ (or $a$, why the change of notation?) is an integer, then we can compute $f(a)$ exactly, it is an integer and its sign is no mystery. When $r$ is a general algebraic number seems another matter.
Sep 25, 2019 at 18:37 comment added GreginGre Mmmmh, I don't understand which role $p$ is playing. Taking an arbitrary $a\in \mathbb{Z}$ and setting $p=(X-a)^{n+1}$, we see that in this case your question becomes: let $f\in \mathbb{Z}[x]$ of degree $\leq n$. Find out the sign of $f(a)$ using exact arithmetic...Do you know algorithms for this particular question ?
Sep 25, 2019 at 18:12 history asked Arnaldo Mandel CC BY-SA 4.0