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Aug 26, 2019 at 15:29 history edited Vince Vatter CC BY-SA 4.0
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Aug 26, 2019 at 15:13 vote accept Salvo Tringali
Aug 26, 2019 at 13:39 history edited Vince Vatter CC BY-SA 4.0
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Aug 26, 2019 at 11:54 history edited Vince Vatter CC BY-SA 4.0
Major expansion of answer
Aug 25, 2019 at 20:39 comment added Salvo Tringali As for Erdős and Rado's solution of Problem 4358 in the AMM, there is a note on partially-well-ordered posets on pp. 256-257: In particular, the note credits Higman and B.H. Neumann for having found, independently of each other, a proof that all words over a partially-well-ordered alphabet $S$, is partially well ordered wrt the "subword order" induced from $S$ (this is Thm 4.3 in Higman's paper). But, again, there is no reference to the equivalence of conditions (a) and (b) from the OP.
Aug 25, 2019 at 17:44 comment added Salvo Tringali [...] of Higman's result, where finite words are replaced with words of "length" smaller than $\omega^\omega$ which have only a finite number of distinct letters (Erdős and Rado use the term "vector" for "word" and "component" for "letter"); incidentally, they mention that the same result was also obtained by J. Kruskal in an unpublished manuscript. Am I missing anything?
Aug 25, 2019 at 17:38 comment added Salvo Tringali Thanks. Erdos and Rado's 1959 paper is freely available at renyi.hu/~p_erdos/1959-02.pdf, but I'm having some difficulty in understanding its relevance to the OP: In the paper, 𝑊𝑆(<𝜔) is the free monoid over 𝑆 (is it?), and assuming that (𝑆,≤) is a partial order, Erdős and Rado refer back to Higman's 1952 paper for a proof that, if 𝑆 is partially well-ordered wrt ≤, then so is 𝑊𝑆(<𝜔) wrt the "subword order" induced from ≤ (as defined in the 2nd paragraph of p. 222). But then Erdős and Rado move on to (settle a conjecture of Rado and) prove a generalization of [...]
Aug 25, 2019 at 17:04 history answered Vince Vatter CC BY-SA 4.0