If i correctly understand your question, i think what you are talking about is the so called Poincare reduction method. This actually generalises Liouville integrability, in the sense that in the presence of $k$ involutive integrals of motion, it reduces the degreessystem to a $2n-k$ dim submanifold of freedom butthe $2n$-dim phase space manifold; however -in general- does not fully integrate the system.
Poincare's (unless $k=n$, where we get Liouville integrability).
Poincare's reduction (and thus Liouville's integrability) have been generalized for non-commutative, even non-Lie algebras of the integrals of motion via the Lie-Cartan theorem.
You can find details and examples at
Mathematical Aspects of Classical and Celestial Mechanics, vol. III, sect. 3.2.2, p.116-120.
See in particular, proposition 3.2, theorem 3.16 and examples 3.12, 3.13, for demonstrations of the methods for point particles in central fields.
Edit: the reduction method implied by the Lie-Cartan theorem, is more general, than the Poincare reduction method, in the sense that isit applies not only for systems possesing integrals of motion in involution, (i.e. functions $F_i$ of the phase space coordinates which form abelian Lie algebras $\{F_i,F_j\}=0$ under the Poisson bracket) but also to dynamical systems possessing integrals whose algebras can be described in terms of generators and relations of the form $\{F_i,F_j\}=a_{ij}(F_k)$, where $a_{ij}$ are generally non-linear functions. (some times these can be shown to be infinite dimensional lie algebras).
I think there is a newer and even more general result on non-commutative integrability, by Mischenko and Fomenko but i do not have the exact reference right now. (i'll try to find it).