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Apr 18, 2019 at 8:59 comment added Denis Nardin @BenWieland I think that should be an answer, it's a better example than mine and it's a pity to leave it in the comments.
Apr 18, 2019 at 0:16 comment added Ben Wieland A 2d example closer to practical geometry: Let $X_0=\mathbb P^2$ and $p_0$ some point on it. Let $X_{n+1}$ be the blow-up of $X_n$ at $p_n$ and let $p_{n+1}\in D\subset X_{n+1}$ be some point of the exceptional divisor. Let $U_n=X_n-\{p_n\}$. Each is open in the next. So $U=\bigcup U_n$ is a noncompact scheme... The inverse limit of the $X_n$ is probably a compact non-noetherian scheme with open set $U$... The sequence of $p_n$ specifies a 2d valuation ring, necessarily non-noetherian. It has compact spectrum, but the complement of the unique closed point is related to $U$, maybe even 1d.
Apr 18, 2019 at 0:11 comment added Ben Wieland a separated 1d example: Enumerate the primes: $p_1=2,p_2,...$. Let $R_n$ be the ring of rational numbers whose denominator is not divisible by the first $n$ primes $p_1,...,p_n$. This has spectrum with 1 generic point and $n$ closed points with local rings $\mathbb Z_{(p_i)}$. Each ring is a localization of the next: $R_n=R_{n+1}[p_{n+1}^{-1}]$, so its spectrum is open in the next. Then $X=\bigcup_n \mathrm{Spec}R_n$ is a noncompact scheme with global sections $\mathbb Z$. Clearly not $\mathrm{Spec}\mathbb Z$!
Apr 17, 2019 at 18:31 history became hot network question
Apr 17, 2019 at 17:19 answer added Denis Nardin timeline score: 10
Apr 17, 2019 at 17:13 history edited András Bátkai CC BY-SA 4.0
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Apr 17, 2019 at 16:50 review First posts
Apr 17, 2019 at 17:13
Apr 17, 2019 at 16:45 history asked schematic_ftm CC BY-SA 4.0