I am posting my comment asThis is an answer that uses the language of Artin rings as in Michael Schlessinger's papers, Michael Artin's papers, etc. Quite generally The statements are relative to a fixed square-zero extension of Artinian local rings, let $\nu:\widetilde{X}\to X$ denote$$0 \to M \hookrightarrow A'\twoheadrightarrow A \to 0.$$ Denote the blowing up ofresidue field $A/\mathfrak{m} = A'/\mathfrak{m}'$ by $A_0$. For every scheme $T'$ over $\text{Spec}\ A'$, denote $\text{Spec}\ A \times_{\text{Spec}\ A'} T'$ by $T$, and denote $\text{Spec}\ A_0\times_{\text{Spec}\ A'} T'$ by $T_0$.
Let $X'$ be an ideal sheaf$A'$-scheme. Let $\mathcal{I}$ onbe a schemequasi-coherent ideal sheaf on $X$$X'$. DenoteDenote the blowing up of $X'$ along $\mathcal{I}$ by $\mathcal{O}_{\widetilde{X}}(-\underline{E})$$$\nu:\widetilde{X}'\to X'.$$ Denote the inverse image ideal sheaf of $\nu^{-1}\mathcal{I}\cdot \mathcal{O}_{\widetilde{X}}$, and denote$\mathcal{I}$ by $E\hookrightarrow \widetilde{X}$ the corresponding closed subscheme$\mathcal{O}_{\widetilde{X}'}(-\underline{E}')$. The ideal sheaf $\mathcal{O}_{\widetilde{X}}(-\underline{E})$ This is an invertible sheaf on $\widetilde{X}$$\widetilde{X}'$. Recall the universal property of the blowing up: the pair $$(\nu:\widetilde{X}'\to X', \nu^*\mathcal{I}\twoheadrightarrow \mathcal{O}_{\widetilde{X}'}(-\underline{E}')),$$ of an $X'$-scheme and an invertible quotient of the pullback of $\mathcal{I}$ is universal among such pairs for which each induced homomorphism, $$ \nu^*\text{Sym}^d_{\mathcal{O}_{X'}}(\mathcal{I}) \twoheadrightarrow \mathcal{O}_{\widetilde{X}'}(-d\underline{E}), $$ factors through the quotient, $$\nu^*\text{Sym}^d_{\mathcal{O}_{X'}}(\mathcal{I}) \to \nu^*(\mathcal{I}^d).$$ For more on this, see the answer to the following MathOverflow question: Which functor does the blowing up represent?.
Definition. A morphism to $\widetilde{X}$$\widetilde{X}'$ is $E$$E'$-flat if the pullback of the following injective sheaf homomorphism is still injective, $$\mathcal{O}_{\widetilde{X}}(-\underline{E}) \hookrightarrow \mathcal{O}_{\widetilde{X}}.$$
Consider a square-zero extension of Artinian local rings, $$0 \to M \hookrightarrow A'\twoheadrightarrow A \to 0.$$ Denote the residue field $A/\mathfrak{m} = A'/\mathfrak{m}'$ by $A_0$.$$\mathcal{O}_{\widetilde{X}'}(-\underline{E}') \hookrightarrow \mathcal{O}_{\widetilde{X}'}.$$
Let $Y'\to \text{Spec}\ A'$ be a flat, finitely presented morphism. Denote $\text{Spec}\ A \times_{\text{Spec}\ A'} Y'$ by $Y$, and denote $\text{Spec}\ A_0\times_{\text{Spec}\ A'} Y'$ by $Y_0$, and similarly for other schemes over $\text{Spec}\ A'$.
Assume now that $X$ is a scheme over $\text{Spec}\ A'$ (e.g., redefine $X$ to equals $\text{Spec}\ A\times_{\text{Spec}\ k} X$ if $X$ is a $k$-scheme and $A'$ is a local Artinian $k$-algebra). Let $$f':Y'\to X,$$$$f':Y'\to X',$$ be a morphism of $A'$-schemes. Define $Z'\hookrightarrow Y'$ to be the closed subscheme defined by the inverse image ideal sheaf of $\mathcal{I}$. Denote by $\mathcal{T}$ the kernel of the induced morphism, $$M\otimes_{A_0} \mathcal{O}_{Z_0} \twoheadrightarrow M\cdot \mathcal{O}_{Z'}.$$
Proposition. For every $E$-flat $X$-morphism, $$e:Y\to \widetilde{X},$$ that is $E$-flat, there exists an $X$$X'$-morphism $e':Y'\to \widetilde{X}$$e':Y'\to \widetilde{X}'$ extending $e$ if and only if the closed subscheme $Z'$ of $Y'$ defined by the inverse image ideal sheaf of $\mathcal{I}$ is $A'$-flat, and in this case $e'$ is also $E$$E'$-flat. Moreover, this holds if and only if $\mathcal{T}$$\mathcal{T}\to M\otimes_{A_0}\mathcal{O}_{Z_0}$ is the zero sheafhomomorphism.
Proof. This follows quickly fromBy the local flatness criterion, every extension is $E'$-flat, and thus also $Z'$ is $A'$-flat. Conversely, if $Z'$ is $A'$-flat, then the ideal sheaf of $Z'$ is $A'$-flat. Since the restriction of this ideal sheaf to $Y$ is an invertible $\mathcal{O}_Y$-module, the $A'$-flat ideal sheaf of $Z'$ is an invertible $\mathcal{O}_{Y'}$-module. This invertible quotient of the pullback of $\mathcal{I}$ satisfies the universal property of the blowing up, cf. the answer to the following MathOverflow question: Which functor does the blowing up represent?and thus gives an extension. QED
There exists an initialAmong all $A_0$-module quotient,quotients $$q:M \twoheadrightarrow M_e,$$$$M \twoheadrightarrow N,$$ such that the following composition is the zero homomorphism, $$\mathcal{T} \hookrightarrow M\otimes_{A_0} \mathcal{O}_{Z_0} \twoheadrightarrow M_e\otimes_{A_0} \mathcal{O}_{Z_0}.$$$$\mathcal{T} \hookrightarrow M\otimes_{A_0} \mathcal{O}_{Z_0} \twoheadrightarrow N\otimes_{A_0} \mathcal{O}_{Z_0},$$ there exists an initial such quotient. Denote this initial $A_0$-module quotient by $$q:M\twoheadrightarrow M_e.$$
Corollary. The induced pushout of $A'$, $$A'_e := (A'\oplus M_e)/\Delta(M) = A'/\text{Ker}(q),$$ is the initial quotient of $A'$ such that $e$ extends to an $X$$X'$-morphism on $\text{Spec}\ A'_e \times_{\text{Spec}\ A} Y'.$$Y_e:=\text{Spec}\ A'_e \times_{\text{Spec}\ A}. Y'.$