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Feb 21, 2019 at 19:58 comment added Ian Agol I suspect now that such presentations cannot exist. I think at least one should be able to use small cancellation theory to rule out presentations where the power is high, maybe at least 6.
Feb 21, 2019 at 11:29 comment added YCor @DerekHolt no need of HNN theory to see that it contains $\mathbf{Z}^2$ (generated by $\{a,a^t\}$): instead just map onto $\mathbf{Z}\wr\mathbf{Z}$.
Feb 21, 2019 at 9:37 comment added HJRW Perhaps it's worth pointing out that it's not terribly difficult to ensure that all the one-relator subpresentations are free. Just add an extra generator $t$ to $S$, add the relation $t$, and change every $r_i$ to $r_it$. Of course, it's much harder to do something similar for larger subsets of relators, but then one gets out of the theory of one-relator groups.
Feb 21, 2019 at 8:53 comment added DavidHume @IanAgol Thanks, this seems like a very interesting approach in general, I just wondered if the community knew of an example before diving into this.
Feb 21, 2019 at 7:53 comment added Derek Holt But the easiest argument is that $\langle a,t \mid [a,a^t] \rangle \cong \langle a,b,t \mid [a,b] = 1, b = a^t \rangle$ is an HNN extension of ${\mathbb Z}^2$ and hence has ${\mathbb Z^2}$ as a subgroup and cannot be virtually free. Of course that still requires the theory of HNN extensions.
Feb 21, 2019 at 6:14 history answered Ian Agol CC BY-SA 4.0