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Dec 1, 2018 at 16:34 vote accept JMP
Dec 1, 2018 at 13:48 comment added KConrad The special case of this conjecture when the $f_i(x)$ are all linear goes back to Dickson (1904). Look up Dickson's conjecture on Wikipedia. The title of Dickson's paper is similar to the title of your post: "A New Extension of Dirichlet's Theorem on Prime Numbers".
Dec 1, 2018 at 13:44 comment added KConrad You are asking if $a+kb$ and $c+kd$ can be prime at the same time for infinitely many $k$ when $(a,b) = 1$ and $(c,d) = 1$. A simple counterexample is $k$ and $k+1$. You should look up Schinzel's Hypothesis H (qualitative conjecture) or the Bateman-Horn conjecture (quantitative conjecture) to see when a finite list of nonconstant polynomials $f_1(x), \ldots, f_r(x)$ with integer coefficients is expected to take on prime values infinitely often at the same time. A key "nonobvious" condition is that for each prime $p$, the product $f_1(x)\cdots f_r(x)$ is not identically 0 on $\mathbf Z/(p)$.
Dec 1, 2018 at 10:16 answer added Taras Banakh timeline score: 7
Dec 1, 2018 at 9:54 history asked JMP CC BY-SA 4.0